Vol 60, No 1 (2015)
REVIEWS
To the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the simian hemorrhagic fever and SHF virus
Abstract
The results of the study of SHF and virus SHF for the last period since their discovery are summed up. It was established that the source of this infection fatal for Asian macaques are African monkeys - virus carriers. There is still a danger of the occurrence of epizootics in Primatological Centers at the importation of these monkeys for research. The importance of the obtained experimental SHF in macaques was emphasized. This model is unique, safe and adequate. It is necessary for further study of pathogenesis and evaluation of the means of pathogenetic therapy of HF dangerous to human health.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(1):5-11
5-11
The impact of conservative and hypervariable immunodominant epitopes in internal proteins of the influenza A virus on cytotoxic T-cell immune responses
Abstract
The cytotoxic T-cell immune response plays an important role in the prevention of influenza infection and reducing of the illness severity. The knowledge about mechanisms of the virus-specific CD8+ T-cell induction in humans is necessary for better understanding of influenza epidemiology and vaccine development. Due to application of new immunological and genetic methods in last years, considerable amount of data became available in the literature about CD8+ T-cell immune responses to different influenza A viruses. This review summarizes these data. The main attention is paid to (i) heterosubtypic CTL responses to conservative immunodominant sites; (ii) mechanisms of viral escape from the virus-specific CTLs by means of evolutional escape-mutations; (iii) influence of the HLA haplotype on CD8+ T-cell immune responses. The importance of these data for immunology and vaccinology is discussed.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(1):11-16
11-16
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The biological characteristic of the collection strains of viruses from the subgroup of japanese encephalitis
Abstract
Perennial (since 1966) study of the biological properties of the viruses from the flavivirus subgroups of the Japanese encephalitis (JE) made it possible to collect and deposit in the state collection of JE virus strains JE virus strains isolated from natural foci in different geographic zones, as well as the JE virus strains selected in the laboratory. The collection of the flaviviruses strains of Japanese encephalitis complex, West Nile fever (West Nile virus and Usutu), which were studied and preserved, are listed. The data are provided on the origin of strains and their pathogenicity for laboratory animals.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(1):17-20
17-20
Indicators of the human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance to antiretroviral drugs in HIV-infected individuals in the Siberian federal district in 2010-2012
Abstract
The prevalence of the mutations of resistance to the main three classes of antiretroviral agents in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy was tested. Among the main drug resistance mutations for the entire period of observation was a high frequency of the occurrence M184V mutation, K101E, K103N, Y181C, and G190S influencing the development of the HIV resistance to nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The problems of the practical application of the study of HIV drug resistance in the regions of the Siberian Federal District were emphasized.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(1):20-23
20-23
A panel of the drug-resistance HIV-1 clinical isolates
Abstract
A panel of 16 HIV-1 isolates was designed. Those isolates were isolated from patients undergoing HAART and developing resistance to the antiretroviral drugs. It was shown that the isolates were resistant to nucleoside RT inhibitors (retrovir, epivir) and non-nucleoside inhibitors (viramun). Isolates had stable replication activity. Average rate of cells expressing viral Ag was 14-20%. The infectious titer was 2.4 lg TCID50. The sequencing showed that all isolates were of the subtype A dominating in the major part of Russian Federation. This panel could be used as the biotechnological base for studying antiretroviral drugs of new generation and for the design of experimental vaccines.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(1):24-27
24-27
Evaluation of the antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C in patients unresponsive to previous treatment with regard to the interleukin-28B genotypes
Abstract
The identification of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at rs8099917 and rs12979860 loci of IL-28B gene is presently necessary for patients with the genotype HCV-1 to predict sustained viral response (SVR) in case of combined antiviral therapy with interferon and ribavirin. In addition to the implementation of the antiviral activity of IFN-a, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-gamma (IFN-y) are involved. The goal of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of the HCV therapy with cytokines in patients unresponsive to previous therapy with unfavorable genotypes of IL-28B gene. SVR was achieved in 44.4% of patients with an unfavorable IL-28B genetic background with biochemical response without serious adverse effects or unexpected adverse effects, thereby corroborating the inclusion of proven safety Betaleukin® and Ingaron in the schemes of the antiviral therapy in combination with standard interferon-a and ribavirin in patients with recurrent HCV-infection.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(1):28-31
28-31
Production of the polyclonal enterovirus antibodies of chicken (IgY) and its evaluation as alternative to the rabbit enterovirus neutralizing sera
Abstract
Experimental data show the usefulness of the Leghorn chicken as a producer of the enterovirus neutralizing antibodies (IgY). The resulting serum is not inferior to the specific activity of the commercial rabbit enterovirus diagnostic sera (EDS) in the neutralization reaction. The IgY have lower backgrounds than mammalian IgG and do not cause toxic effect to cell culture. Compared with the conventional manufacturing method EDS IgY, preparation process is much more effective: the number of serum producers is significantly lower, whereas the yield of the product is higher. Reduction of the volume of the immunogens, immunization cycle, and number of injections is also an advantage of this manufacturing method.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(1):31-34
31-34
Prevalence and incidence of infections among blood donors in Astana
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of infections among 28,248 blood donors in Astana in 2012 was determined. The estimated residual risk of the transfusion infection was as follows: for HIV - 1,2, HCV - 137,7, HBV - 125,4 per 1 million donations. High risk of transfusion infection with HIV, hepatitis B, and C stimulates the active implementation of the measures for increasing the safety of blood: the selection of donors, increasing the sensitivity of infections screening methods, inactivation of pathogens in blood components and transfusion management appointment at the clinic.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(1):34-36
34-36
TO VIROLOGIST’S AID
Immune signs of activation of the herpes simplex virus in women with physiological pregnancy
Abstract
Reactivation of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) is frequently observed in women during pregnancy. However, the concomitant changes in the immune system are still insufficiently understood. The goal of this work was to present a comparative analysis intended to identify specific antiviral igM antibodies and igG to determine their titles, concentration, and avidity in paired sera of 49 HSV-positive pregnant women without complicated obstetric-gynecological history. The serology results were compared with the quantitative determination in the serum IFNy, as well as with the level of spontaneous and induced cytokine production by blood lymphocytes. For this purpose, 5.0 ml of blood from a vein was collected in pregnant women (9-11 weeks of gestation). The procedure was repeated in 4 weeks. The nonspecific induction of the IFNy was performed using phytohemagglutinin (PanEco, Russia). Given the concentration of the immune markers in the samples, such values were evaluated by ELiSA using certified commercial kits available from Vector-Best Ltd. (Russia) and Diagnostic System Scientific Manufacturing Association (Russia). IgM antibodies in paired sera had not been detected in any of the 49 women. High-avidity IgG antibodies were detected in all women in the titer 1:50 - 1:100, but in the second sample of sera from 32 women (study group) antibody titers were found to be as high as 1:600 - 1:800. The women with no growth of the serum antibodies were included in the control group (n = 17). Comparative analysis of the amount of IFNy in sera showed that the content of the cytokine in the first blood sample and the level of the spontaneous production in women of the study group were statistically significantly higher than in the control group (4.2 vs. 2.7, p = 0.05; 7.5 vs. 2.0, p = 0.03, respectively). in the blood samples taken after 4 weeks the serum concentration of IFNy (2.6 vs. 4.2, p = 0.049), and its spontaneous product (4.5 vs. 7.5, p = 0.046) were considerably lower than in the first blood samples. These results demonstrate that the reactivation of the HSV infection occurs in women with normal pregnancy and the lack of complicated obstetric and gynecological history. increasing the concentration of IFNy serum levels and spontaneous cytokine production is the earliest sign of acute infection in the women during pregnancy. These changes precede the increase in the IgG antibodies and assume normal values when the level of indirect marker of HSV rises. The lack of the IgM antibodies to the virus is not a strict criterion of inactive infection.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(1):37-40
37-40
The multiplex method of estimation of humoral immunity to vaccine regulated childhood infections
Abstract
The goal of this work was to present the results of the laboratory tests of the multiplex dot immunoassay method using protein microarray for complex estimation of humoral immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella viruses. it was shown that the obtained results were in a good agreement with data of commercial monospecific ELISA kits. The developed method is fast, requires fewer resources, and may be used in the field.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(1):41-45
41-45
Sensitivity and specificity of the elisa kit for the detection of antidobies to Junin virus
Abstract
The goal of this work was to describe methodological approaches to determination of sensitivity and specificity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (ELISA Kit) for detection of the specific anti-Junin virus (JV) antibody. Comparison of ELISA to plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) showed direct relationship between antibody titers in the samples of serum of immunized animals, determined by either PRNT or ELISA methods. The obtained results provided an opportunity to form the panels of positive and negative serum samples to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA Kit. Sensitivity of the ELISA Kit was at least 98% when studying the samples of serum of immunized guinea pigs and rabbits (determined as positive in PRNT). The sensitivity of the ELISA Kit was at least 68% when studying the samples determined by PNRT as uncertain positive. The specificity was 98%. The specificity of the ELISA Kit was 98%.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(1):46-49
46-49
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор). Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС77-77676 от 29.01.2020.