Vol 63, No 5 (2018)

REVIEWS

PLASMIDS OF ARCHAEA AS POSSIBLE ANCESTORS OF DNA-CONTAINING VIRUSES

Lvov D.K., Sizikova T.E., Lebedev V.N., Borisevich S.V.

Abstract

Тhе kingdom Archaea, as well as Bacteria, belongs to the overkingdom Prokaryota. Halophilic archaea (Halorubrum lacusprofundi) isolated from Antarctic saline lakes contain plasmids (pR1SE) that code proteins taking part in the formation of membranes of archaea vesicles. The molecular and biological properties of pR1SE and the peculiarity of its interaction with sensitive cells are considered in this article. The role of structural proteins coded by pR1S in the process of formation of vesicle membrane complex is paid special attention. Plasmid-containing archaea vesicles model some properties of viruses. Archaea plasmids can be viewed as possible ancestors of DNA-containing viruses.
Problems of Virology. 2018;63(5):197-201
pages 197-201 views

MODERN ETHIOTROPIC CHEMOTHERAPY OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION: CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS, MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ACTION, DRUG RESISTANCE, NEW TRENDS AND PROSPECTS. PART 1

Andronova V.L.

Abstract

Modern chemotherapy of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections has a very limited arsenal of first-line drugs. These are preparations of ganciclovir (GCV) belonging to the class of modified nucleosides and its metabolic precursor ganciclovir valine ester. After three-step phosphorylation, GCV, as a structural analogue of the natural nucleotide, competes with it for binding to DNA polymerase and, due to its structural features, inhibits its activity. However, with prolonged use of GCV, mainly under conditions of immunosuppression, the virus develops drug resistance associated in most cases with changes in pUL97 catalyzing the first stage of GCV phosphorylation, as well as in the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase. When variants of viruses resistant to GCV appear, second-line drugs are used: pyrophosphate analog of foscarnet and nucleotide cidofovir. Resistance to second-line drugs is due to mutations in the pol-gene and in a number of cases leads to multiresistance, which makes it impossible to use traditional anti-CMV drugs. In addition, the use of all of the above drugs is accompanied by the development of severe side effects. All of the above determines the need to search for new compounds that can effectively inhibit the reproduction of the virus, harmless to the macroorganism, convenient to use, overcoming the drug resistance barrier in viruses. As a result of the search in international databases (PubMed, MedLine, eLIBRARY.RU, ClinicalTrials.gov, etc.), the main trends in the search for new anti-CMV agents were identified. In the first part of the review, we concentrated on compounds that are modifications of known antiviral agents currently used in clinical practice, the most promising for the development of drug anti-CMV drugs.
Problems of Virology. 2018;63(5):202-211
pages 202-211 views

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

THE EXPERIENCE IN THE APPLICATION OF NIKAVIR IN THE SCHEMES OF PERINATAL CHEMOPROPHYLACTICS OF HIV INFECTION: EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNOLOGICAL AND VIRUSOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS

Ivanova E.S., Vorobeva N.N., Shelud’Ko V.S.

Abstract

Objective. The goal of this work was to study the immunological and virological efficacy of the domestic antiretroviral drug nicavir (at the optimal dose, as proven by previous clinical studies) with lamivudine, in comparison with other drugs of the group of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in combination with kaletra in perinatal HIV chemoprophylaxis regimens. Methods. 658 pregnant women aged 16-39 years and children born to them were examined. The first group (281 people) and the third group (66 people) received the nicavir (manufactured by AZT PHARMA KB LLC) with lamivudine in combination with calyx; the second (281 people) and the fourth (30 people) of the comparison group, stag and zidovudine, respectively, with lamivudine in combination with calyx. The effectiveness of CP was assessed from the increase in the number of CD4 lymphocytes, reduction of the viral load, and the number of children born without HIV DNA in the blood. Results. Against the backdrop of the therapy, the viral load below the detectable level and the positive dynamics of CD4 lymphocytes were registered in all examined women prior to childbirth. When applying the scheme of niacavir + lamivudine + kaletra, a more rapid decrease in the level of BH, most pronounced by week 4 of therapy, was found, as compared with the rate of decline of the same index in pregnant comparison groups. Conclusions. The obtained results allow us to consider ART with the inclusion of nicavir effective and recommend its priority use in perinatal prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Problems of Virology. 2018;63(5):212-217
pages 212-217 views

THE MECHANISM OF STIMFORTE ACTION ON HERPESVIRUS INFECTION

Maldov D.G., Andronova V.L., Grigorian S.S., Isaeva E.I., Balakina A.A., Terentyev A.A., Ilyichev A.V., Galegov G.A.

Abstract

Increased protease activity and a significant amount of granzyme B were observed in in organs of mice infected with acute herpes simplex virus HSV-1 with the introduction of Stimforte (100 or 250 µg/mouse). Thus, this drug activates killer cells, which play an extremely important role in the suppression of HSV-1 infection. Although the administration of Stimforte (100 μg/mouse) to intact mice results in the activation of IFN-β production and does not activate the production of IFN-λ, Stimforte administration to animals infected with HSV-1 reduces production of IFN-β in serum, brain and lungs, whereas the production of IFN-λ considerably increases as the result of administration of 100 μg/mouse of Stimforte.
Problems of Virology. 2018;63(5):218-223
pages 218-223 views

MOLECULAR AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VACCINARY ERA-CB 20M OF RABIES VIRUS

Losich M.A., Zaykova O.N., Nepoklonova I.V., Grebennikova T.V., Verkhovsky O.A., Odnovorov A.I., Aliper T.I.

Abstract

The molecular and biological characteristics of the vaccine against rabies virus strain ERA-CB 20M obtained by the Russian rabiologist, doctor of medical sciences S.V. Gribencha by adapting and cloning the strain ERA and SAD in a transplantable BHK-21 C13 cell culture are presented. The spectrum of the most sensitive strain of rabies ERA-CB 20M cell lines was determined and the level of glycoprotein was quantitatively determined. Primary nucleotide sequences of fragments of the genome of the strain ERA-CB 20M (genes N and G) were obtained and phylogenetic analysis was carried out. Molecular analysis showed that this strain belongs to the group of vaccine strains SAD1. When compared with the reference strain SAD1, 10% of the nucleotide differences were revealed in the gene fragment N; 15%, in the gene fragment G.
Problems of Virology. 2018;63(5):224-232
pages 224-232 views

ETIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF INFLUENZA AND OTHER ARVI IN ST. PETERSBURG DURING EPIDEMIC SEASONS 2012-2016

Pisareva M.M., Eder V.A., Buzitskaya Z.V., Musaeva T.D., Afanaseva V.S., Go A.A., Obraztsova E.A., Sukhovetskaya V.F., Komissarov A.B.

Abstract

The etiological structure of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections including their rate of incidence in St. Petersburg and Leningrad region during 4 epidemic seasons has been studied. Seasonality of some respiratory viruses was shown and peaks of circulation of RSV, adenovirus, parainfluenza viruses, rhinovirus, bocavirus, metapneumovirus and coronavirus were marked. The interference of influenza A viruses and RSV, RSV and rhinoviruses was highlighted. A high incidence of adenovirus infection in organized communities and RSV infection in children was revealed.
Problems of Virology. 2018;63(5):233-239
pages 233-239 views

OBITUARY

IN MEMORY OF VASILY ANDREEVICH LASHKEVICH

Abstract

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Problems of Virology. 2018;63(5):240-240
pages 240-240 views


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