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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">207</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-5-202-211</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">MODERN ETHIOTROPIC CHEMOTHERAPY OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION: CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS, MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ACTION, DRUG RESISTANCE, NEW TRENDS AND PROSPECTS. PART 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЭТИОТРОПНАЯ ХИМИОТЕРАПИЯ ЦИТОМЕГАЛОВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА: КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ, МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ ДЕЙСТВИЯ, ЛЕКАРСТВЕННАЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ, НОВЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ. ЧАСТЬ I</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andronova</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андронова</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почётного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-10-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>202</fpage><lpage>211</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-01-20"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Andronova V.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Андронова В.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andronova V.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андронова В.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/207">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/207</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern chemotherapy of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections has a very limited arsenal of first-line drugs. These are preparations of ganciclovir (GCV) belonging to the class of modified nucleosides and its metabolic precursor ganciclovir valine ester. After three-step phosphorylation, GCV, as a structural analogue of the natural nucleotide, competes with it for binding to DNA polymerase and, due to its structural features, inhibits its activity. However, with prolonged use of GCV, mainly under conditions of immunosuppression, the virus develops drug resistance associated in most cases with changes in pUL97 catalyzing the first stage of GCV phosphorylation, as well as in the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase. When variants of viruses resistant to GCV appear, second-line drugs are used: pyrophosphate analog of foscarnet and nucleotide cidofovir. Resistance to second-line drugs is due to mutations in the pol-gene and in a number of cases leads to multiresistance, which makes it impossible to use traditional anti-CMV drugs. In addition, the use of all of the above drugs is accompanied by the development of severe side effects. All of the above determines the need to search for new compounds that can effectively inhibit the reproduction of the virus, harmless to the macroorganism, convenient to use, overcoming the drug resistance barrier in viruses. As a result of the search in international databases (PubMed, MedLine, eLIBRARY.RU, ClinicalTrials.gov, etc.), the main trends in the search for new anti-CMV agents were identified. In the first part of the review, we concentrated on compounds that are modifications of known antiviral agents currently used in clinical practice, the most promising for the development of drug anti-CMV drugs.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Современная химиотерапия цитомегаловирусных (ЦМВ) инфекций располагает весьма ограниченным арсеналом препаратов первой линии - это препараты ганцикловира (ГЦВ), относящегося к классу модифицированных нуклеозидов, и его валинового эфира (метаболического предшественника ГЦВ). После трехэтапного фосфорилирования ГЦВ как структурный аналог природного нуклеотида тимидинтрифосфата конкурирует с ним за связывание с ДНК-полимеразой и благодаря структурным особенностям ингибирует её активность. Однако при длительном применении ГЦВ главным образом в условиях иммуносупрессии у вируса развивается лекарственная устойчивость, связанная в большинстве случаев с заменами в рUL97, катализирующем первый этап фосфорилирования ГЦВ, а также в каталитической субъединице ДНК-полимеразы. При появлении вариантов вирусов, резистентных к ГЦВ, используют препараты второго ряда - пирофосфатный аналог фоскарнет и нуклеотид цидофовир. Развивающаяся к препаратам второго ряда резистентность обусловливается мутациями по pol-гену и в ряде случаев приводит к мультирезистентности, что делает невозможным использование традиционных анти-ЦМВ-лекарств. Кроме того, применение всех вышеперечисленных препаратов сопровождается развитием тяжёлых побочных эффектов. Всё вышеизложенное определяет необходимость поиска новых соединений, способных эффективно ингибировать репродукцию вируса, безвредных для макроорганизма, удобных в применении, преодолевающих барьер лекарственной устойчивости у вирусов. В результате поиска в международных базах данных (PubMed, MedLine, eLIBRARY.RU, ClinicalTrials.gov и др.) были определены основные тенденции поиска новых анти-ЦМВ-агентов. В первой части обзора мы сконцентрировали внимание на соединениях, представляющих собой модификации известных антивирусных агентов, используемых в настоящее время в клинической практике, наиболее перспективных для создания лекарственных анти-ЦМВ-препаратов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>overview</kwd><kwd>human cytomegalovirus</kwd><kwd>antivirus agent</kwd><kwd>medicinal product</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>цитомегаловирус человека</kwd><kwd>антивирусный агент</kwd><kwd>лекарственный препарат</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lanzieri T.M., Dollard S.C., Bialek S.R., Grosse S.D. 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