Vol 57, No 2 (2012)
- Year: 2012
- Published: 15.04.2012
- Articles: 11
- URL: https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/issue/view/97
COX-2 as an early diagnostic marker of virus-associated human malig-4 nant neoplasms
Abstract
The review analyzes recent data and current ideas on the enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) as a possible biomarker of virus-associated human malignant neoplasm. Possible mechanisms of COX-2 activation in the cells infected with oncogenic human viruses, such as hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human papillomavirus are considered in detail.
Problems of Virology. 2012;57(2):4-9
4-9
Interaction of influenza A and B viruses with nanodiamond-based
Abstract
The paper presents data on the sorption of influenza A(H1N1), A(H1N1)v, A(H3N2) viruses, cDNA of A(H1N1)v and B viruses on nanodiamonds and furnace charge. The sorption of viruses occurred in different solutions at 4-37° C during 10-20 min. The rate of sorption varied with the concentration of a sorbent in the solution and its structure, but did not with the antigenic formula of viruses or temperature. The sorption capacity of furnace charge towards influenza A and B viruses was higher than that of nanodiamonds. Nonviral proteins (bovine serum albumin and influenza virus antibodies) were found to be bound by both sorbents. Viral desorption did not take place in physiological solution at 4 and 22° C for 48 hours.
Problems of Virology. 2012;57(2):9-14
9-14
Development of methodology for predictably significant evaluation of the protective efficacy of antiviral 1 4 agents
Abstract
The paper provides a theoretical analysis for determining whether the antiviral nonspecific drugs being tested are promising to solve biosafety problems in the treatment of exotic viral infections. The essence of the proposed concept of evaluation of protective effectiveness is to analyze the effect of a test drug on the pathogenesis of experimental infection from the fact that it is effective in adequately eliminating the animal-simulated leading syndrome of human disease. The given approaches to using adequacy criteria to select the species of animals meeting the goals of tests in terms of pathogenetic and pharmacological parameters determine a new methodology for evaluating the efficacy of protective agents. Basic requirements for a testing procedure are presented. The prognostic value of evaluation of the protective efficacy of antiviral agents for man will depend on the approximation of the pathogenetic features and external manifestation of disease in the selected animal species to human infection. The paper also covers the comparative characteristics of the course of Ebola fever and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in man and some species of monkey.
Problems of Virology. 2012;57(2):14-20
14-20
Influenza virus reproduction in the endothelial cells of hu-20 man blood vessels
Abstract
The current epidemic strains of the influenza subtypes Y5N1, H3N2, and H1N1 can be reproduced in the cultured human endothelial EAhy926 cells with an infective activity of 3.0-4.5 lg TCD50. These findings were confirmed by the analysis of the autopsy material from patients who had died from influenza during the 2009-2010 epidemic, which showed influenza virus HA and NP proteins in the pulmonary blood vascular endothelium. The results obtained reflect a new aspect of the pathogenesis of influenza, which is important for the design of antiviral agents and for the development of combination therapy.
Problems of Virology. 2012;57(2):20-23
20-23
Enhancing the immunogenic activity of Influvac vaccine in the use of adjuvant TI complexes modified by echinochrome A
Abstract
The self-assembly of marine macrophyte glycolipids, holothurian saponin, and cholesterol gave rise to nanoscale morphological structures called tubular immunostimulating (TI) complexes. Whether the latter could be used on the basis of vaccine preparations containing the influenza virus subunit antigens was studied. there was an obvious increase in the immunogenicity of influenza virus hemagglutinin when the experimental animals were immunized with this antigen as part of TI complexes. It was shown that the adjuvant activity of the TI complex to influenza virus hemagglutinin could be enhanced by adding the known antioxidant echinochrome a from a sand-dollar (echinarachnius parma) to the matrix of the TI complex.
Problems of Virology. 2012;57(2):23-27
23-27
Recombinant interferon-a suppression of Karelian fever virus replication in human 27 blood cells
Abstract
The active replication of Karelian fever virus (KFV) in human blood vessels and the protective activity of the Russian agent reaferon were first shown. KFL was highly susceptible to interferon (IFN)-α. In control (uninfected) cells, reaferon caused low gene expressions of the IFN-dependent enzymes dsRNA-dependent protein kinase and 2’5’-oligoadenylate synthetase, by exerting a little effect on the activity of its family genes. KFV suppressed the reaferon-induced gene expression of IFN-dependent enzymes, but IFN-α gene transcription was increased in the reaferon-treated infected cells.
Problems of Virology. 2012;57(2):27-32
27-32
The ability of small interfering RNA oligonucleotides to decrease the infective activity of hepatitis C virus in the cell 32 cultures
Abstract
The use of the RNA interference technique yielded data on the antiviral activity of small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotides against hepatitis С virus (HCV) infection in the pig embryo kidney (SPEV) cell cultures. The RNA interference technique is based on the specific recognition of the mRNA target by using the specially designed siRNA (19-22 bp) oligonucleotides. in particular, it was shown that siRNA added to the monolayer of HCv-infected sPEv cells resulted in the protection of the infected cells against the cytopathogenic activity of the virus. The results were confirmed in the experiments that demonstrated the ability of RNA oligonucleotides to reduce the production of infectious (cytopathogenic) HCV by infected SPEV cells in early-stage infection.
Problems of Virology. 2012;57(2):32-35
32-35
Ingavirin treatment of experimental parainfluenza pneumonia in Syrian hamsters
Abstract
Parainfluenza viruses affect the upper respiratory tract in all age group patients, in children aged 6 months to 3 years in particular. The most urgent task is to design drugs to treat parainfluenza. This investigation studied the antiviral activity of Ingavirin® (2-(imidazole-4-yl) ethanamide of pentandioic-1,5 acid) on a model of parainfluenza infection in syrian hamsters. the drug was shown to restrict the infectious process in animal lung tissue. this restriction manifested itself as reductions in the infectious titer of parainfluenza virus in the lung tissue, in the degree of pulmonary edema and tissue cell infiltration, and in virus-specific lesion of bronchial epithelial cells. the in vitro experiments demonstrated the ability of ingavirin® to diminish the infective activity of viral descendants. the finding allows one to consider ingavirin® to be a promising antiviral agent that is active against parainfluenza infection in vivo.
Problems of Virology. 2012;57(2):35-40
35-40
Changes in the reproduction 40 of tick-borne encephalitis virus in cell cultures
Abstract
The currently used tick-borne encephalitis virus vaccines are based on the inactivation of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) of Far Eastern or West European genetic types from the primary cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts. Since the WHO recommends that vaccines should be designed using continuous cell cultures rather than chick embryos as a substrate, this investigation has compared the infection of continuous monolayer SPEV, Vero E6, and vaccine line Vero (B) cell cultures with TBEV strains of the Siberian and Far Eastern genetic types dominating in the endemic regions of Russia. After cell infection with Far Eastern (Sofyin and 205 strains) or Siberian (Aina, 2530, 2689, and 2703 strains) TBEV genetic types, the viable TBEV titers reached 2.8 lg CPD50 for Vero (B) cells, 5.5 lg CPD50 for Vero E6 cells, and up to 9 lg CPD50 for SPEV cells. The quantitative scores of TBEV E antigen in enzyme immunoassay (EiA) and genome equivalents by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by real-time PCR, permitted one to estimate as high as 108 virions in 1 ml of culture fluid, which corresponded to those of the microscopic observations of CPD for SPEV cells and substantially exceeded the values for Vero E6 cells, and for Vero (B) cells in particular. The data of TBEV strain titration, EiA, and realtime reverse-transcription PCR suggest that the Russian vaccine Vero (B) cell line defined as meeting the WHO requirements, as well as Vero E6 cells may be used to design tick-borne encephalitis vaccine.
Problems of Virology. 2012;57(2):40-43
40-43
Use of the cultural variants of Coxsackie A viruses in virological practice
Abstract
Coxsackie A viruses belong to the enteroviruses, the isolation of which from infectious materials and further cultivation are possible only when laboratory animals are infected. the authors could adapt the strains of 17 of 23 serotypes of these viruses to RD cell culture. The strains of 8 serotypes were additionally adapted to Vero cell culture. The cultural variants of Ooxsackie A viruses were used to prepare immune sera. The Bacterial and Viral Agents Enterprise, M. P. Ohumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Virus Encephalitides, Russian Academy of Medical sciences, has set up the production of bacterial and viral drugs based on the cultural variants of 5 Ooxsackie A virus serotypes. The cultural variants of 14 Ooxsackie A virus serotypes were used to carry out a virus neutralization test. Examination of more than 600 children from Moscow and the Moscow Region showed the wide circulation of individual Ooxsackie A virus serotypes. It also demonstrated a drastic reduction in Ooxsackie A-7 virus circulation in the past 50 years.
Problems of Virology. 2012;57(2):43-47
43-47
F. I. Ershov (on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of his birth)
Problems of Virology. 2012;57(2):47
47