Vol 60, No 5 (2015)
REVIEWS
Hepatitis C virus: variability mechanisms, classification, evolution
Abstract
Hepatitis c virus (HCV) is one of the most dynamically evolving viral pathogens. In the last decade extensive molecular epidemiological studies demonstrated great HCV diversity. This review describes the HCV variability mechanisms and the current HCV classification, presents data on the geographical spread of different HCV subtypes and its evolution, including natural recombinant forms.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(5):5-10
5-10
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Influenza epidemic development in some regions of Russia and in countries of the North hemisphere during 2013-2014
Abstract
The results of study of the specific features of influenza virus circulation in 2013-2014 in 10 cities of Russia were presented. The results were obtained in basic laboratories of the Center for Ecology and Epidemiology of Influenza, D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, FSBI «N.F. Gamaleya FRCE M» Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The increasing rate of the ARD morbidity was detected during week 9 with further decrease in the morbidity rate till threshold levels reached during week 13. Children 0-2 years old and 3-6 years old were the most involved age group, while the highest rate of hospitalization was found in the age group of 15-64 years old (66%). The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses were the cause of the epidemic, but their activity differed over regions of Russia. The results of study of the antigenic and genetic properties of influenza strains showed for the most of them a close relation to the vaccine strains. Certain heterogeneity of circulating strains and their drift variants was found as well. All the tested strains were sensitive to the oseltamivir and zanamivir, while preserving resistance to the rimantadine. The ratio of the AR D viruses was comparable with the last epidemic seasons.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(5):11-16
11-16
The study of the humoral immunity to the virus of poliomyelitis among migrant workers in the Russian Federation
Abstract
At the final stage of the polio eradication, the group of people who could potentially be a source of reintroduction of the wild poliovirus (PV) in the community has a particular importance. Therefore, the goal of the study was to assess risk assessment of maintenance of circulation of the wild PV among migrant workers from Tajikistan based on determining the level of the humoral immunity to PV. We tested 470 serum samples collected from the healthy migrants from Tajikistan in Moscow and Moscow region during the polio outbreak in Tajikistan in 2010. The average age of the donors was 16.7 ± 0.8 years. Children from 0.5 to 14 years (5.6 ± 0.9 years) amounted up to 18.9%; adults under 28 years (20.9 ± 0.3 years), to 49.8%; the group of persons whose age was unknown, 31.3%. Information about previous vaccination against polio was available for 78.7% of children. The level of the neutralizing antibodies (ntAB) to the vaccine PV serotypes 1, 2, and 3 and wild PV type 1 was defined in the microneutralization test in Hep-2 cells. The level of IgM and IgG antibodies to the wild PV was determined in ELISA. The relative amount of children without ntAB to PV type 1, 2, 3, and all three serotypes (8%, 10%, 29%, and 2%, respectively) exceeded the relative amount of such children among the citizens of Russia. The relative amount of the migrant adults without antibodies to PV type 1, 2, 3 and to all three serotypes (35%, 27%, 66%, and 15%, respectively) was significantly higher than the relative amount of persons in the same age group from Russia. Comparison of the antibody levels to vaccine and wild PV type 1 and the ratio of IgM and IgG levels indicated a recent contact with the wild PV type 1. Suboptimal (< 90%) level of the herd immunity to PV could promote the maintenance of PV circulation in the studied group. An elaborate program of vaccinal measures should be developed and implemented with respect to this group.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(5):16-21
16-21
A study of the antiviral activity of the HPM-7.0, extract of mycelium of the higher fungi Fusarium sambucinum, on the model experimental herpes viral infection
Abstract
Antiviral activity in the HPM-7.0, extract of a monoculture of the fungus Fusarium sambucinum, was studied on the herpesvirus infection model. It was found that in case of systematic use in animals HPM-7.0 has a strong therapeutic effect on the course of experimental herpesvirus infection, contributing to the rapid regression of elements and exudative inflammation. It also reliably reduces the average duration of the disease and prevents generalization of the process. The most significant results were obtained using the HPM-7.0 in preventive and curative-preventive modes. The efficiency of the HPM-7.0 was comparable to that of the drug Ridostin. The results obtained in this work suggest the HPM-7.0 as a promising agent to be used in antiviral drugs intended for treatment of the herpesvirus infection.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(5):21-26
21-26
Experimental model of secondary bacterial pneumonia after influenza
Abstract
In this work, we developed and characterized a mouse model of the secondary bacterial pneumonia after influenza. Specifically, the S. aureus 1986 given intranasally to the mice infected intranasally with the A/California/04/2009 (H1N1 pndm) virus resulted in greater mortality, weight loss, and reduction of mean life time as compared with infection with either pathogen alone. These data were confirmed by the virological and microbiological studies. Both viral and bacterial lung titers were enhanced during coinfections compared with single infections. In addition, preceding influenza infection resulted in a decreased clearance of the virus and S. aureus in lungs of mice. These findings indicate that the influenza virus exacerbates the S. aureus pneumonia and its pathogen factors in mice.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(5):27-31
27-31
Experimental interspecies transmission of the bovine leukaemia virus
Abstract
Interspecies transmission of the BLV by the inoculation of milk and blood of cows infected by the enzootic bovine leukosis directly into the bloodstream or through the gastrointestinal tract of heterologous species (rabbit) was demonstrated. The results of this work indicate the ability of the BLV to overcome the interspecies barriers. Use of native milk with infectious properties is shown to be dangerous.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(5):32-37
32-37
Detection of the intrahospital and laboratory contamination with the hepatitis A and C viruses
Abstract
Detection and confirmation of nosocomial viral contamination is an important aspect of the laboratory diagnostics. Sensitive methods were used to detect contamination of hospital and laboratory environment with the hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses. One case of the contamination with HAV RNA was detected in hospital environment. There are multiple cases of the contamination with HCV RNA (21.1%) and cDNA (78.9%) in the laboratory environment.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(5):37-41
37-41
Features of the tick-borne encephalitis virus infection of Ixodes persulcatus Shulze и Ixodes pavlovskyi Pomerantsev 1946 during period of growth and transformation of species structure of the ixodids community
Abstract
ELISA for antigen detection, reverse transcription with quantitative real-time PCR with the subtype-specific fluorescent probes, phylogenetic analysis of the E and NS 1 gene nucleotide sequences, bioassays with suckling mice, hemagglutination and neuroinvasiveness tests were used to compare the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection of the ixodid ticks Ixodes persulcatus P. Schulze and Ixodes pavlovsky Pomerantsev 1946 in sympatria area of their natural habitats in Novosibirsk region during growth period of their populations with the replacement of prevailing species of the monodominant type of ixodid population structure. Ratio of the two tick species did not depend on biotopes of pine or birch forest, but rather on the distance from Novosibirsk Scientific Center: the lower anthropogenic pressure, the smaller I. pavlovsky proportion. The TBEV rate (including both pathogenic and apathogenic viruses for laboratory mice), spectra of the 3 main genetic types of TBEV, neurovirulence and hemagglutination activity were similar for both I. persulcatus and I. pavlovsky. However, proportion of pathogenic for laboratory mice virus and the TBEV Far Eastern subtype, as well as viral loads of Siberian and European types for the TBEV from I. pavlovsky, were significantly higher than those from I. persulcatus.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(5):42-46
42-46
BOOK REVIEW
47
ANNIVERSARY DATES
48-49
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