Vol 56, No 6 (2011)
- Year: 2011
- Published: 15.12.2011
- Articles: 10
- URL: https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/issue/view/96
Development of current smallpox vaccines
Abstract
The review gives data on the history of smallpox vaccination and shows the high topicality of designing the current safe vaccines against orthopoxviruses. Four generations of live smallpox, protein subunit, and DNA vaccines are considered. Analysis of the data published leads to the conclusion that it is promising to use the up-to-date generations of safe smallpox subunit or DNA vaccines for mass primary immunization with possible further revaccination with classical live vaccine.
Problems of Virology. 2011;56(6):4-8
4-8
The generation and characteristics of reassortant influenza A virus with H5 hemagglutinin and other genes from the apathogenic virus H6N2
Abstract
The experimental reassortant vaccine strain VN-gull (H5N2) containing H5 hemagglutinin (HA) with a removed polybasic site in the connecting peptide and other genes from the apathogenic H6N2 virus A/gull/Moscow/3100/2006 (gull/M) was obtained using a two-step protocol. At Step 1, the reassortant with HA of A/Vietnam/1203/04-PR8/CDC-RG and other genes from cold-adapted A/Leningrad/17/47 (VN-Len) viruses was generated due to selection with antibody to H2N2 at 26ºC. At Step 2, the reassortant VN-gull was obtained by replacing all genes from Len with those from gull/M due to selection with antibody to H6N2 at 39ºC.
The reassortant VN-Len was apathogenic and the reassortant VN-gull was weakly virulent in mice. Both gave rise to specific antibodies and 4 weeks after single inoculation they provided complete protection against further challenge with highly pathogenic H5N1 virus A/chicken/Kurgan/3/05 (H5N1) (Ku-Len).
The chickens infected with live VN-gull virus showed nether clinical symptoms, nor fecal virus excretion; nevertheless, they gave rise to antibodies and were protected from the further challenge with A/chicken/Kurgan/3/2005.
The high yield, safety, and protectivity of VN-Len and Ku-Len made them promising strains for the production of inactivated and live vaccines against H5N1 viruses.
Problems of Virology. 2011;56(6):9-14
9-14
Comparative study of the differential susceptibility of different cell lines to pandemic H1N1v influenza viruses and avian influenza, swine influenza, and human influenza viruses
Abstract
The proliferation characteristics of influenza viruses of different origin were tested in various human and animal cell cultures. Pandemic H1N1v influenza and swine influenza viruses were shown to have a low infectious activity in virtually all the test lines. In spite of this, the replication of this group of viruses may be detected by de novo NP synthesis. These viruses are able to activate programmed cell death. Moreover, a low inoculative virus dose exerts a stimulating effect on cell proliferation in both suspension and monolayer cell lines.
Problems of Virology. 2011;56(6):14-19
14-19
Preclinical studies of live intranasal H5N1 influenza vaccine with the deleted HS1 gene
Abstract
The paper gives the results of evaluating the efficiency of delNS1 pandemic H5N1 vaccine candidate VN1203delNS1 which was constructed by reverse genetics on the basis of influenza virus strain A/Vietnam/1203/04. The safety, immunogenicity and cross-protection of the vaccine strain against different H5N1 virus clades were demonstrated in mouse and macaque models. The results showed the possibility of designing a new-generation replication-deficient intranasal influenza vaccine, by applying an approach to deleting the NS1 pathogenicity factor, an antagonist of the interferon system.
Problems of Virology. 2011;56(6):19-22
19-22
Antiviral activity of Ingavirin® on an animal model for experimental disseminated adenovirus infection
Abstract
Adenoviruses constitute a clinically important family of human pathogens. Due to their wide tissue tropism, adenoviruses are able to induce different diseases from moderate respiratory disorders to fatal outcomes in patients with immunodeficiencies. The authors present the results of a trial of the antiviral activity of the new drug Ingavirin® [2-(imidazole-4-yl-ethanamide) pentandioic-1,5 acid] against human adenovirus type 5 on an animal model. Ingavirin® is shown to decrease an adenoviral infectious titer in the liver and lung of neonatal Syrian hamsters (by approximately 1 log10 TCID50 as compared to the control) and to reduce the sizes of liver inflammation foci by 2-fold. Furthermore, it also decreases the count of virus-infected cells detectable by morphological analysis. Hepatocytes from Ingavirin®-treated animals appear intact unlike strongly vacuolized cells from the animals given placebo. The findings make it possible to regard Ingavirin® as a promising agent of the combination therapy of human adenovirus disease.
Problems of Virology. 2011;56(6):23-27
23-27
Enhancing the immunogenicity of inactivated polio vaccines with chitosan used as an adjuvant
Abstract
Addition of chitosan to inactivated trivalent polio vaccine or inactivated preparations of attenuated poliomyelitis viruses (Sabin strains) significantly increases immunogenicity of these inactivated poliomyelitis virus preparations. High neutralizing antibody titers are detected after two immunizations of mice and a single immunization of rats, as well as when the antigen dose was reduced by 4 times. Addition of chitosan as an adjuvant significantly induces cellular immunity.
Problems of Virology. 2011;56(6):28-32
28-32
Comparative estimation of the indicators of interferon, immune, and cytokine states in the comprehensive study of patients with herpesvirus infections
Abstract
The paper provides the data of a comparative analysis of the indicators of immune and interferon states and cytokine profile and the results of virological studies in patients with different (acute and chronic) forms of mixed herpesvirus infection (with virus simplex herpes types 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus type 6, and others).
Pronounced changes were found in immune responses in such patients. There were decreases in IFN-α and IFN-γ values in 36 and 13%, respectively; 51% of the subjects showed a reduction in both IFN-α and IFN-γ along with the high titers of antibodies to viruses of the Herpesviridae family and their infectious activity. There were changes in the cytokine profile, activation of IFN-α, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18 gene expression, and suppression of IL-2 gene transcription in the majority of the patients. Determination of IFN susceptibility revealed that 86% of the subjects responded to IFN-α therapy and only 11% of cases did to IFN-γ one.
Problems of Virology. 2011;56(6):33-36
33-36
Molecular genetic echovirus 9 variants identified in patients with aseptic meningitis in Russia in 2007-2009
Abstract
In 2009 echovirus 9 caused a higher seasonal incidence of enterovirus infection (EVI) and its several outbreaks in a number of regions of Russia. Analysis of the partial VP1 coding region differentiated 4 phylogenetic lineages of echoviruses 9 variants identified in patients with aseptic meningitis and EVI in 2007-2009. One variant of echovirus 9 was most commonly encountered in 2009. Echoviruses 9 identified in different areas, which had a high (98.2-100%) homology of nucleotide sequences of the partial VP1 coding region, varied in the amino acid sequences within the B-C loop.
Problems of Virology. 2011;56(6):37-42
37-42
The epidemiological, epizootological, and etiological characteristics of the 2006-2007 outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the Tambov Region
Abstract
The findings suggest that there are natural foci of hantavirus infection in the Tambov Region. There is evidence that Dobrava/Belgrade hantavirus (DOB-Aa) was a leading etiological agent in the outbreak of the disease in the winter of 2006-2007. Epidemiological analysis showed that the outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) afflicted the region during November to April, by reaching its peak in January (52.2%). Among the patients with HFRS, rural dwellers were 91%. People were infected with the virus mainly by taking care of domestic animals (97.2%). The reservoir of the virus and the source of its human infection in the outbreak was a field mouse, its western subspecies Apodemus agrarius agrarius, which was absolutely dominated among all the virus carriers.
Problems of Virology. 2011;56(6):43-47
43-47
Index of papers published in this journal in 2011
Problems of Virology. 2011;56(6):47-48
47-48
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