Vol 60, No 3 (2015)
- Year: 2015
- Published: 28.06.2015
- Articles: 8
- URL: https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/issue/view/38
Full Issue
REVIEWS
Molecular biological properties of the Эpstein-Barr virus LMP1 gene: structure, function and polymorphism
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) encoded by the same name gene of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays an extremely important role in the pathogenesis of a number of malignant neoplasia. specifically, LMP1 has the ability to transform human B-lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro and rodent fibroblasts (Rat-1) in vitro. The introduction of the latter into athymic mice leads to tumor development. in addition, expression of the oncoprotein has been often found in EBV-associated tumors at the DNA and constantly at the RNA levels. having pleiotropic effects, LMP1, participates in the transmission and activation of multiple intracellular signals. it is also involved in the inhibition of key tumor suppressors, has significant influence on proliferation, apoptosis and morphological alteration of the infected cells finally resulting in their transformation. general characteristics of EBV and LMP1 gene as well as functional activity of the encoded LMP1 protein and a brief description of human pathologies associated with the virus have been discussed in this review. The questions concerning the polymorphism LMP1 in EBV-associated pathologies have been also analyzed in details.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(3):5-13
5-13
The vaccines based on the replicon of the venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus against viral hemorrhagic fevers
Abstract
The status of the various recombinant DNA and RNA-derived candidate vaccines, as well as the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEEV) replicon vaccine system against extremely hazardous viral hemorrhagic fevers, were reviewed. The VEEV-based replication-incompetent vectors offer attractive features in terms of safety, high expression levels of the heterologous viral antigen, tropism to dendritic cells, robust immune responses, protection efficacy, low potential for pre-existing anti-vector immunity and possibility of engineering multivalent vaccines were tested. These features of the VEEV replicon system hold much promise for the development of new generation vaccine candidates against viral hemorrhagic fevers.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(3):14-18
14-18
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Comparison of the influenza epidemics in Russia caused by the pandemic virus A(H1N1)pdm09 within the period from 2009 to 2013
Abstract
Comparative analysis of the three past epidemics with the participation of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was conducted according to the results of the epidemiological trials of two WHO National influenza centers for the morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality of the influenza in 59 cities of Russia for the period from 2009 to 2013. The first wave of the pandemic of 2009 was the most severe. Compared with this wave, during the next epidemics of 2011 and 2013, the involvement of urban population in the epidemic was reduced, as well as the morbidity in the people 15-64 years old and schoolchildren 7-14 years old. The duration of the epidemic among the adult population, the mortality rate of the total population, and the mortality rates in all age groups were also decreased. Vice versa, the incidence in the children of preschool age and the elderly people and the duration of the epidemic among children (especially preschool children) were increased. The share of patients 65 years and older, children 0-2 years old, and patients with pathology of the cardiovascular systems among the deceased patients increased to 33.6%.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(3):19-24
19-24
Comparative study of carbon nanotubes and polymer composites with silver as sorbents of the influenza A and B viruses
Abstract
The comparative examination of the interaction of the influenza A and B viruses and fragments of DNA with the carbon nanotubes - composites of polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes and granules containing Ag and without Ag was performed. The increased absorption of the allantois viruses and DNA was demonstrated in composites with Ag. The influence of temperature in the range of 4-36° C was not found to be essential. The intensive absorption took place within the first 15 min of the contact with the sorbents. in total, the properties of the composites of PANI nanotubes + Ag 30% are the most promising for the influenza viruses and DNA absorption in water solutions.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(3):25-30
25-30
The prevalence of the human rhinoviruses and coronaviruses circulating in the Moscow region during 2007-2012
Abstract
The rhinoviruses and coronaviruses are the most common causative agents of the acute upper respiratory tract infection in humans. They include several species that vary in the pathogenicity, some causing severe respiratory tract diseases. in this work, the species prevalence of rhinoviruses and coronaviruses was studied in 92 virus-positive clinical patients that were collected at the area of the Moscow region during the period from 2007 to 2012. Using the real-time PCR the virus circulation has been established for all species common in humans, including three rhinoviruses, HRV A, HRV B, and HRV C, and four coronaviruses, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV- OC43, and HCoV-HKU1. For eight patients, the identity of the rhinoviruses, including 4 cases of HRV-C, 3 cases of HRV-A, and a single case of hRv-B, was corroborated using partial sequencing of the 5 non-coding regions and phylogenetic analysis. The viruses of HRV-C, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-OC43 were prevalent in children with severe respiratory diseases.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(3):31-36
31-36
The ARI etiology among children in Belarus in 2011-2012
Abstract
The seasonal distribution of the respiratory viruses for the period of 2011-2012 is presented. The ARI etiological structure among children 0-17 years, who were admitted to the hospital for respiratory disease in Belarus, was defined by the PCR-method. It was found that the etiological agents of the infections were not only influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza types 1-4, adeno- and respiratory syncytial viruses, but also described boca- and metapneumoviruses. The most complete spectrum of the respiratory viruses was detected among children aged 0-4 years.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(3):37-40
37-40
A study of the HIV-1 regulatory genes using the polymerase chain reaction
Abstract
In this work, a total of 200 samples from the HIV-infected individuals were analyzed: 50 samples from the Saha Republic (Yakutia), 50 samples from the Vologda Region (City of Cherepovets), and 100 samples from the Moscow Region (Moscow and Moscow Region). All samples were obtained from the patients who were not undergoing antiretroviral therapy. It was detected that the regulatory genes vif, vpr, vpu, rev, tat, and nef were amplified with moderate sensitivity after one-stage amplification. When those samples were analyzed by the nested PCR the detection ratio was much higher. While studying nef-gene the phenomena of the splicing in cells cores was detected at the advanced stages of the HIV-infection (3 and 4 stages). At the same time, the splicing was not detected at the earlier stages of the HIV-infection. This effect might be the cause of the transition from asymptomatic stage of the infection to the advanced stage. It was also shown for the first time that the variability of the regulatory genes correlated with the virus subtype.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(3):41-44
41-44
Detection of potential sites of recombination in the Tick-borne encephalitis virus by the methods of comparative genomics
Abstract
The results of the bioinformatic search for the potential sites of the recombination in the genome-wide structures of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) through a series of software techniques were presented in this work. The genomes of the 55 TBEV strains were assayed, 21 of them showed the presence of the recombination sites. Recombinant strains belonged to the Far Eastern (19 strains) and European (2 strains) genotypes. 22 sites of the recombination attributed were identified to five types based on position, strain, and regional characteristics. The parental strains were identified based on the genotypic and geographical parameters, which do not contradict the possibility of the formation of the recombinants. Nearly two-thirds of the sites are located in the regions of NS4a and Ns4b genes, which are the "hot spots" of the recombination, most of them being concentrated in the gene NS4. it was shown that the recombination processes did not occur at the level of the genotypes (European genotype) or certain groups within the genotype (Far East) and were typical of the peripheral populations.
Problems of Virology. 2015;60(3):44-49
44-49
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