Belgorod region – the territory endemic for hepatitis E

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Abstract

Introduction. Belgorod region is the territory with the highest incidence of hepatitis E in the Russian Federation.
The aim of the study was to comprehensively characterize the circulation of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the Belgorod region, including the study of population immunity to the virus, determining the prevalence of infection among the pig population and analysis of the genetic diversity of HEV from patients and animals.
Material and methods. Serum samples of a conditionally healthy population (n = 2027) of all age groups were tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM by ELISA with commercial assays. HEV RNA was determined in fecal samples from pigs aged 2–4 months (n = 526), in sewage samples from pig farms (n = 10), as well as in stool samples from patients with hepatitis E (n = 6) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Phylogenetic analysis was performed for an amplified 300 nt fragment corresponding to HEV open reading frame 2.
Results and discussion. The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG in general population averaged 16.4% (95% CI: 14.8–18.1; 332/2027). The proportion of individuals who had both anti-HEV IgM and IgG averaged 2.8% (95% CI: 2.2–3.6; 57/2027). The incidence rate of anti-HEV IgG increased with age, from 2.8% (95% CI: 1.3-5.8) in children aged 1–14 years to 40.1% (95% CI: 34.9-45.6) in people 70 years or older. The detection rate of HEV RNA in pigs was 20% (95% CI: 16.8-23.6; 105/526). HEV RNA was detected in 2 out of 10 sewage samples. The HEV sequences isolated from patients with hepatitis E, pigs, and sewage samples in Belgorod region belonged to the HEV genotype 3, had a 95-100% homology, and formed common clusters on a phylogenetic tree.
Conclusions. The high prevalence of HEV in pigs population has led to the formation of an endemic territory in the Belgorod region, which is the center of pig breeding. Measures aimed at reducing the circulation of HEV among pig population and decontamination of sewage from pig farms are necessary to control HEV infection.

About the authors

K. K. Kyuregyan

Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Author for correspondence.
Email: karen-kyuregyan@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3599-117X

Dr. Sci. Biol., Chief Researcher of the Research Institute of Molecular and Personalized Medicine, Lead Researcher of laboratory of viral hepatitis 


Moscow, 105064

Moscow, 125993

Russian Federation

A. D. Polyakov

Skolkovo Territorial Division of the Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the City of Moscow Russia;
Belgorod State National Research University

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7140-2897

Moscow, 143026

Belgorod, 308015

 

Russian Federation

I. A. Potemkin

Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7559-4219

Moscow, 105064

Moscow, 125993

Russian Federation

A. A. Karlsen

Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6013-7768

Moscow, 105064

Moscow, 125993

Russian Federation

O. V. Isaeva

Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2656-3667

Moscow, 105064

Moscow, 125993

Russian Federation

M. A. Lopatukhina

Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6853-4154
Moscow, 105064 Russian Federation

E. V. Mullin

Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera

Email: fake@neicon.ru
Moscow, 105064 Russian Federation

O. S. Slukinova

Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera

Email: fake@neicon.ru
Moscow, 105064 Russian Federation

E. Yu. Malinnikova

Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5501-5707

Moscow, 105064

Moscow, 125993

Russian Federation

E. V. Shibrik

Department of Health and Social Protection of the Population of Belgorod Region

Email: fake@neicon.ru
Belgorod, 308005 Russian Federation

E. E. Oglezneva

Belgorod State National Research University;
Belgorod Regional Department of Rospotrebnadzor

Email: fake@neicon.ru

Belgorod, 308015

Belgorod, 308023

Russian Federation

M. I. Mikhailov

Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6636-6801

Moscow, 105064

Moscow, 125993

Russian Federation

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Copyright (c) 2019 Kyuregyan K.K., Polyakov A.D., Potemkin I.A., Karlsen A.A., Isaeva O.V., Lopatukhina M.A., Mullin E.V., Slukinova O.S., Malinnikova E.Y., Shibrik E.V., Oglezneva E.E., Mikhailov M.I.

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