Development of microchips for the detection of mutations of HIV-1 variability to protease inhibitors and the usage results

An original biochip was constructed for the detection of 34 mutations of HIV-1 resistance to protease. A technology
was worked out, which is based on the hybridization of a fluorescence-labeled amplified fragment of the polgene
of the HIV-1 provirus DNA with a set of specific oligonucleotides immobilized in 3-D hydrogel pads of the
biological microchip. The biochip was used to analyze 115 samples of the subtype-1 provirus HIV-1 DNA isolated
from untreated IDUs and their sexual partners in 15 regions of former USSR countries. Substitution of Val/lle in
position 77 of protease (V771) is known as secondary mutation of resistance to Nelfinavir detected in 55 (47.8%)
of 115 HIV-1 variations. Its first appearance was registered in a patient with HIV in April 1997 in Tver, where its
carrying variant caused an HIV outbreak. It is demonstrated that the V77l-substitution variant, that dominates in
Moscow, caused outbreaks in Irkutsk and Yekaterinburg and spread into separate districts of Perm and Perm Region.
At the same time, no V77I HIV-1 was detected in any of the HIV studied cases diagnosed before 1998 in Moldova,
Ukraine and Rostov Region.

human immunodeficiency virus, detection, Russia, A subtype, protease, Nelfinavir, drug-resistance mutation, V77I, biochip, V77I