Advantages and disadvantages of inactivated and live influenza vaccine


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Abstract

Published data related with comparison studies of safety, efficiency and some other properties of cold-adapted
live influenza vaccine (LIV) and of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) are analyzed. LIV and IIV do not differ by
systemic reactions after administration;
however, it is not ruled out that there can be unfavorable reactions in vaccination of persons with allergy to the
chicken-embryo proteins as well as in cases of persistence/reversion of coldadapted strain observed in vaccination of
persons with primary impairments of the immune system. There are no convincing data,
up to now, on that LIV is superior to IIV in coping with influenza pandemics. The efficiency of
LIV and IIV for children aged 3 years and more and for healthy adults is virtually identical. Additional controllable
field comparative studies of LIV and IIV efficiency in immunization of elderly persons are needed. Limited data on
LIV efficiency for children aged 2 months and more were obtained. The need in a 2-stage vaccination of all age
group with the aim of ensuring responses to all 3 LIV components is, certainly, a LIV disadvantage. In case of IIV,
the 2-stage vaccination is needed only for persons who were not ill with influenza. The intranasal LIV administration has,
from the practical and psychological standpoints, an advantage before the IIV administration by syringe.
The ability of LIV to protect from the drift influenza-virus variations could be its advantage before IIV; still, more
research is needed to verify it. Transplantable cell lines meeting the WHO requirements could be an optimal substrate
for the production of LIV and IIV. Children are the optimal age group for influenza prevention by coldadapted
LIV, whereas, IIV fits better for vaccination of adults and elderly persons.

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