Роль консервативных и гипервариабельных иммунодоминантных эпитопов внутренних белков вирусов гриппа А в формировании цитотоксического Т-клеточного иммунного ответа

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Аннотация

Цитотоксический Т-клеточный иммунитет имеет важное значение в предотвращении развития гриппозной инфекции и смягчении ее тяжести. Сведения о механизмах индукции вирусспецифических CD8+ Т-лимфоцитов (ВЦТЛ) у людей способствуют лучшему пониманию эпидемиологии гриппа и путей совершенствования его вакцинопрофилактики. В последние годы благодаря появлению новых иммунологических и генно-инженерных методик в мировой литературе накоплен материал об особенностях формирования ВЦТЛ-иммунного ответа к различным эпитопам внутренних белков вирусов гриппа А. В настоящем обзоре обобщены эти сведения. Основное внимание уделяется: (i) формированию гетеросубтипического ВЦТЛ-иммунного ответа к консервативным иммунодоминантным сайтам; (ii) механизмам ухода от контроля гриппозной инфекции хозяйскими ВЦТЛ с помощью эволюционных escape-мутаций; (iii) роли хозяйского HLA-гаплотипа на развитие этого типа иммунного ответа. Обсуждается важность цитируемых материалов для функциональной и прикладной иммунологии, а также для вакцинного дела.

Об авторах

А. Н. Найхин

ФГБУ «НИИ экспериментальной медицины» СЗО РАМН

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: vaccine@mail.ru

Найхин Анатолий Нойевич, д-р мед. наук, проф.

197376, Санкт-Петербург

Россия

И. В. Лосев

ФГБУ «НИИ экспериментальной медицины» СЗО РАМН

Email: fake@neicon.ru
197376, Санкт-Петербург Россия

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