Энцефаломиелит, вызываемый энтеровирусом типа 71 у детей
- Выпуск: Том 55, № 6 (2010)
- Страницы: 4-10
- Раздел: Статьи
- Дата подачи: 09.06.2023
- Дата публикации: 15.12.2010
- URL: https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/12042
- ID: 12042
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Аннотация
Энтеровирус типа 71 (ЭВ71) явилcя возбудителем крупных вспышек ящуроподобного заболевания (ЯПЗ) в Европе (Болгария, 1975; Венгрия, 1978) и Юго-Восточной Азии (Малайзия, 1977; Тайвань, 1998; Сингапур, 2000-2007; Китайская Народная Республика, 2007-2009). ЯПЗ поражало детей в возрасте до 10 лет и заканчивалось выздоровлением в течение 3-7 дней. У небольшой части детей раннего возраста (от 6 мес до 3 лет) ЯПЗ сопровождалось острыми неврологическими осложнениями, такими как: серозный менингит, полиомиелитоподобный синдром (парезы и параличи мышц конечностей); стволовой энцефалит (миоклонические судороги, тремор, летаргия, нарушение глотания и речи, сердечно-легочная недостаточность, отек легких, шок, кома, смерть). Рентгенографически обнаружены геморрагии и отек легких. В тяжелых случаях смертность достигала 82-94%. У части выживших детей сохранялись инвалидизирующие двигательные, респираторные и психоэмоциональные нарушения. Патоморфологически у пациентов с заболеванием центральной нервной системы и сердечно-легочной недостаточностью выявлено острое воспаление серого вещества ствола мозга (продолговатый мозг, мост) и спинного мозга. Воспалительные изменения в тканях легких и миокарда были незначительными или отсутствовали. Летальный отек легких имел нейрогенное происхождение и являлся следствием поражения дыхательных и вазомоторных центров ствола мозга.
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