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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">668</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-146</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular epidemiological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genovariants in Moscow and Moscow region</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярно-эпидемиологический анализ геновариантов SARS-CoV-2 на территории Москвы и Московской области</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-0843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ozhmegova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ожмегова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Никитична</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of leukemia viruses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусов лейкозов</p></bio><email>ozhmegova.eka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-8476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savochkina</surname><given-names>Tatyana E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савочкина</surname><given-names>Татьяна Евгениевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной диагностики</p></bio><email>tasavochkina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8755-1419</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prilipov</surname><given-names>Alexey G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прилипов</surname><given-names>Алексей Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, зав. лабораторией молекулярной генетики</p></bio><email>a_prilipov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhomirov</surname><given-names>E. .E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихомиров</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ozhmegova.eka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-5650</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Larichev</surname><given-names>Victor F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларичев</surname><given-names>Виктор Филиппович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of med. sci, Leading Researcher of laboratory of biology and indication of arbovirus infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории биологии и индикации арбовирусов</p></bio><email>vlaritchev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-3193</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sayfullin</surname><given-names>Mukhammad A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сайфуллин</surname><given-names>Мухаммад Абдулфаритович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases in Children, Faculty of Pediatrics, Sen. оf laboratory of biology and indication of arbovirus infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей педиатрического факультета, с.н.с. лаборатории биологии и индикации арбовирусных инфекций </p></bio><email>dr_saifullin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6141-9361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebennikova</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенникова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member RAS, Head Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Head of department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН, зав. лабораторией молекулярной диагностики, зав. отделом</p></bio><email>t_grebennikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почётного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>496</fpage><lpage>505</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Ozhmegova E.N., Savochkina T.E., Prilipov A.G., Tikhomirov E..., Larichev V.F., Sayfullin M.A., Grebennikova T.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Ожмегова Е.Н., Савочкина Т.Е., Прилипов А.Г., Тихомиров Е.Е., Ларичев В.Ф., Сайфуллин М.А., Гребенникова Т.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ozhmegova E.N., Savochkina T.E., Prilipov A.G., Tikhomirov E..., Larichev V.F., Sayfullin M.A., Grebennikova T.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ожмегова Е.Н., Савочкина Т.Е., Прилипов А.Г., Тихомиров Е.Е., Ларичев В.Ф., Сайфуллин М.А., Гребенникова Т.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/668">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/668</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>SARS-CoV-2, a severe acute respiratory illness virus that emerged in China in late 2019, continues to spread rapidly around the world, accumulating mutations and thus causing serious concern. Five virus variants of concern are currently known: Alpha (lineage B.1.1.7), Beta (lineage B.1.351), Gamma (lineage P.1), Delta (lineage B.1.617.2), and Omicron (lineage B.1.1.529). In this study, we conducted a molecular epidemiological analysis of the most prevalent genovariants in Moscow and the region.</p> <p><bold>The aim</bold> of the study is to estimate the distribution of various variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Moscow city and the Moscow Region.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> 227 SARS-CoV-2 sequences were used for analysis. Isolation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was performed on Vero E6 cell culture. Sequencing was performed by the Sanger method. Bioinformatic analysis was carried out using software packages: MAFFT, IQ-TREE v1.6.12, jModelTest 2.1.7, Nextstrain, Auspice v2.34.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>As a result of phylogenetic analysis, we have identified the main variants of the virus circulating in Russia that have been of concern throughout the existence of the pandemic, namely: variant B.1.1.7, which accounted for 30% (9/30), AY.122, which accounted for 16.7% (5/30), BA.1.1 with 20% (6/30) and B.1.1 with 33.3% (10/30). When examining Moscow samples for the presence of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins of different genovariants, a significant percentage of the most common substitutions was recorded: S protein – D614G (86.7%), P681H/R (63.3%), E protein – T9I (20.0%); M protein – I82T (30.0%), D3G (20.0%), Q19E (20.0%) and finally N protein – R203K/M (90.0%), G204R/P (73.3 %).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The study of the frequency and impact of mutations, as well as the analysis of the predominant variants of the virus are important for the development and improvement of vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19. Therefore, ongoing molecular epidemiological studies are needed, as these data provide important information about changes in the genome of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>SARS-CoV-2 – вирус, вызывающий тяжёлое острое респираторное заболевание, появившийся в Китае в конце 2019 г., – продолжает быстро распространяться по всему миру, накапливая мутации и тем самым вызывая серьёзные опасения. В настоящее время уже известно о пяти вариантах вируса, вызывающих озабоченность (variant of concern – VOC): альфа (линия B.1.1.7), бета (B.1.351), гамма (P.1), дельта (B.1.617.2) и омикрон (B.1.1.529). В этой работе мы провели молекулярно-эпидемиологический анализ геновариантов вируса, наиболее часто циркулирующих в Москве и Московской области.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> <bold>работы</bold> – оценить распространение различных вариантов SARS-CoV-2 на территории Москвы и Московской области.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Использовали 227 последовательностей генома SARS-CoV-2. Выделение вируса SARS-CoV-2 производили в культуре клеток Vero E6. Секвенирование проводили по методу Сэнгера. Биоинформационный анализ проводили с помощью пакетов программ MAFFT, IQ-TREE v1.6.12, jModelTest 2.1.7, Nextstrain, Auspice v2.34.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В результате филогенетического анализа мы выявили основные циркулирующие в России варианты вируса, вызывающие озабоченность на протяжении всего времени существования пандемии, а именно: вариант B.1.1.7, составивший 30% (9/30), AY.122 – 16,7% (5/30), BA.1.1 – 20% (6/30) и B.1.1 – 33,3% (10/30). При исследовании московских образцов на наличие мутаций в структурных белках SARS-CoV-2 разных геновариантов зафиксирована значительная доля наиболее часто встречающихся замен: S-белок – D614G (86,7%), P681H/R (63,3%), E-белок – T9I (20,0%); M-белок – I82T (30,0%), D3G (20,0%), Q19E (20,0%) и, наконец, N-белок – R203K/M (90,0%), G204R/P (73,3%).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Изучение частоты и влияния мутаций, а также анализ наиболее часто циркулирующих вариантов вируса важны для разработки и совершенствования вакцин для профилактики COVID-19. Следовательно, необходимо постоянно проводить молекулярно-эпидемиологические исследования, поскольку эти данные представляют важную информацию об изменениях в геноме циркулирующих вариантов SARS-CoV-2.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis of variants</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>cluster analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коронавирус тяжёлого острого респираторного синдрома 2</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ вариантов</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>кластерный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственное задание Минздрава России</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">State grant of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>GISAID. 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