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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">664</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-151</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Assesment of specific T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 virus antigens in COVID-19 reconvalescents</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Определение специфического Т-клеточного иммунитета к антигенам вируса SARS-CoV-2 у людей, переболевших COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3480-6873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blyakher</surname><given-names>Maria S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бляхер</surname><given-names>Мария Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head Laboratory, Department of immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, руководитель лаборатории отдела иммунологии</p></bio><email>maria.s.b@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0335-2752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>Irina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Ирина Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Department of immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., в.н.с. отдела иммунологии</p></bio><email>vestnik-07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1969-4009</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tulskaya</surname><given-names>Elena  A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тульская</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher, Department of immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., в.н.с. отдела иммунологии</p></bio><email>etul@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6191-260X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kapustin</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капустин</surname><given-names>Иван Всеволодович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Department of immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., в.н.с. отдела иммунологии</p></bio><email>maria.s.b@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-2234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koteleva</surname><given-names>Svetlana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котелева</surname><given-names>Светлана Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>к.м.н, в.н.с. отдела иммунологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Department of immunology</p></bio><email>felileo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-3312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramazanova</surname><given-names>Zarema K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамазанова</surname><given-names>Зарема Керимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Department of immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., в.н.с. отдела иммунологии</p></bio><email>rzarema@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5895-2520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Odintsov</surname><given-names>Evgeny E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одинцов</surname><given-names>Евгений Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Department of immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., с.н.с. отдела иммунологии</p></bio><email>rinocerus@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-9888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sandalova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сандалова</surname><given-names>Светлана Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>н.с. отдела иммунологии</p></bio><email>s.sandalova74@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0307-4561</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Lidia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Лидия Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head Laboratory, Department of immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., руководитель лаборатории отдела иммунологии</p></bio><email>vestnik-07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Московский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Г.Н. Габричевского» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>527</fpage><lpage>537</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Blyakher M.S., Fedorova I.M., Tulskaya E. ., Kapustin I.V., Koteleva S.I., Ramazanova Z.K., Odintsov E.E., Sandalova S.V., Novikova L.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Бляхер М.С., Федорова И.М., Тульская Е.А., Капустин И.В., Котелева С.И., Рамазанова З.К., Одинцов Е.Е., Сандалова С.В., Новикова Л.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Blyakher M.S., Fedorova I.M., Tulskaya E. ., Kapustin I.V., Koteleva S.I., Ramazanova Z.K., Odintsov E.E., Sandalova S.V., Novikova L.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бляхер М.С., Федорова И.М., Тульская Е.А., Капустин И.В., Котелева С.И., Рамазанова З.К., Одинцов Е.Е., Сандалова С.В., Новикова Л.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/664">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/664</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The development of the COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated the scientific research aimed at studying of the mechanisms of formation the immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, there is a need to develop a domestic simple and cost-effective specific method suitable for monitoring of T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 in reconvalescents and vaccinated individuals.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> Development of a screening method for evaluation specific T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Total 40 individuals who had mild to moderate COVID-19 and 20 healthy volunteers who did not have a history of this disease were examined. The presence and levels of IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were identified in participant’s sera by ELISA using the diagnostic kits from JSC “Vector-Best” (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation). Antigenic stimulation of mononuclear cells was carried out on commercial plates with adsorbed whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 antigen (State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR Novosibirsk, Russian Federation). The concentration of IFN-γ was measured in ELISA using the test systems from JSC “Vector-Best” (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation). The immunophenotyping of lymphocytes was performed on a flow cytometer Cytomics FC500 (Beckman Coulter, USA). Statistical data processing was carried out using the Microsoft Excel and STATISTICA 10 software package.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Stimulation of mononuclear cells isolated from the peripheral blood with whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 antigen fixed at the bottom of the wells of a polystyrene plate showed a significantly higher median response in terms of IFN-γ production in 40 people who had history of COVID-19 compared to 20 healthy blood donors (172.1 [34.3–575.1] pg/ml versus 15.4 [6.9–25.8] pg/ml, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001).</p> <p>There was no difference in median IFN-γ levels in supernatants collected from unstimulated mononuclear cells from COVID-19 reconvalescents and healthy donors (2.7 [0.4–11.4] pg/ml versus 0.8 [0.0–23.3] pg/ml, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). The overall sensitivity and specificity of this method were 73% (95% CI 58–88%) and 100% (95% CI 100–100%), respectively, at a cut-off of 50 pg/ml.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The developed method for assessment of the cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 can be used as a screening method for monitoring the T-cell response in a population against a new coronavirus infection in recovered people.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Развитие пандемии, связанной с COVID-19, послужило стимулом к научным исследованиям, направленным на изучение механизмов формирования иммунитета против SARS-CoV-2. В настоящее время имеется необходимость разработки отечественного специфичного, несложного и экономичного метода, пригодного для мониторинга в популяции Т-клеточного ответа в отношении SARS-CoV-2 у переболевших и вакцинированных людей.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>работы заключалась в отработке скринингового метода оценки специфического Т-клеточного иммунитета в отношении SARS-CoV-2.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Обследованы 40 человек, перенёсших COVID-19 лёгкой или средней степени тяжести, и 20 здоровых добровольцев, не имевших в анамнезе данного заболевания. Серологические исследования по наличию и уровню антител класса IgG и IgM к SARS-CoV-2 проводили методом ИФА на тест-системах АО «Вектор-Бест». Антигенную стимуляцию мононуклеаров проводили на коммерческих планшетах с сорбированным цельновирионным инактивированным антигеном SARS-CoV-2 (ФБУН ГНЦ «Вектор», Россия). Концентрацию IFN-γ определяли методом ИФА на тест-системах АО «Вектор-Бест». Иммунофенотипирование лимфоцитов проводили на проточном цитометре Cytomics FC500 (Beckman Coulter, США). Статистическую обработку данных осуществляли с помощью пакета программ Microsoft Excel и Statistica 10.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Стимуляция цельновирионным инактивированным антигеном SARS-CoV-2, фиксированным на дне лунок полистиролового планшета, мононуклеарных клеток, выделенных из периферической крови доноров, показала значительно более высокий медианный ответ по продукции IFN-γ у 40 человек, перенёсших COVID-19, по сравнению с 20 здоровыми донорами крови (172,1 [34,3–575,1] пг/мл против 15,4 [6,9–25,8] пг/мл, <italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,0001). Не было различий в медианном уровне IFN-γ в супернатантах, собранных с нестимулированных мононуклеарных клеток от переболевших COVID-19 и здоровых доноров (2,7 [0,4–11,4] пг/мл против 0,8 [0,0–23,3] пг/мл; <italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,05). Общая чувствительность и специфичность метода составляли 73% (95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 58–88%) и 100% (95% ДИ 100–100%) соответственно при пороговом значении 50 пг/мл.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Разработанный способ определения клеточного иммунного ответа на SARS-CoV-2 может быть использован в качестве скринингового для мониторинга в популяции Т-клеточного ответа в отношении новой коронавирусной инфекции у переболевших людей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>T-cell immunity</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2 antigens</kwd><kwd>IFN-γ production</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>whole virion inactivated antigen</kwd><kwd>cellular immune response</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Т-клеточный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>антигены SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>продукция IFN-γ</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>цельновирионный инактивированный антиген</kwd><kwd>клеточный иммунный ответ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный бюджет</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The state budget</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Soresina A., Moratto D., Chiarini M., Paolillo C., Baresi G., Foca E., et al. 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