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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">652</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-143</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Variability of genes encoding nonstructural proteins of rotavirus А (Reoviridae: <italic>Rotavirus: Rotavirus A</italic>) genotype G9P[8] during the period of dominance in the territory of Nizhny Novgorod (central part of Russia) (2011–2020)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вариабельность генов неструктурных белков ротавируса А (Reoviridae: <italic>Rotavirus: Rotavirus A</italic>) генотипа G9P[8] в период доминирования на территории Нижнего Новгорода (центральная часть России) (2011–2020)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-1427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Velikzhanina</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Великжанина</surname><given-names>Елена Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>www.e_velikzhanina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3203-7863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sashina</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сашина</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Researcher, laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>tatyana.sashina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8058-8187</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD , Research assistant, laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>Olga.morozova.bsc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7679-8029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Epifanova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Епифанова</surname><given-names>Наталия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Leading Researcher, laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>epifanovanv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3710-6648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Надежда Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Head of the laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>novikova_na@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">«Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Нижегородский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени академика И.Н. Блохиной» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека (Роспотребнадзор)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>475</fpage><lpage>486</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-15"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Velikzhanina E.I., Sashina T.A., Morozova O.V., Epifanova N.V., Novikova N.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Великжанина Е.И., Сашина Т.А., Морозова О.В., Епифанова Н.В., Новикова Н.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Velikzhanina E.I., Sashina T.A., Morozova O.V., Epifanova N.V., Novikova N.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Великжанина Е.И., Сашина Т.А., Морозова О.В., Епифанова Н.В., Новикова Н.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/652">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/652</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> In Russia, rotavirus A is the main cause of severe viral gastroenteritis in young children. The molecular features that allow a rotavirus of a particular genotype to gain an evolutionary advantage remain unclear, therefore, the study of the genetic diversity of rotaviruses based on genes encoding nonstructural proteins (NSPs) responsible for the reproduction of the virus in the cell is an urgent task.</p> <p><bold>Objective.</bold> To study the genetic diversity of rotaviruses of genotype G9P[8], which dominated Nizhny Novgorod in 2011–2020, based on genes encoding nonstructural proteins.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Rotavirus-positive samples were subjected to PCR-genotyping and sequencing of <italic>NSP1 </italic>– <italic>NSP5</italic> genes. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out in the MEGA X program.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> In the period 2011–2020, G9P[8] rotaviruses with four variants of the <italic>NSP2</italic> gene were co-circulating in Nizhny Novgorod. New alleles were noted in 2012 (N1-a-III), 2016 (N1-a-IV) and in 2019 (N1-a-II). The appearance of new variants of other genes occurred in 2014 (E1-3, <italic>NSP4</italic>), 2018 (T1-a3-III, <italic>NSP3</italic>) and in 2019 (A1-b-II, <italic>NSP1</italic>). <italic>NSP2</italic> gene had the most variable amino acid sequence (16 substitutions), 2 to 7 substitutions were observed in <italic>NSP1</italic>, <italic>NSP3</italic> and <italic>NSP4</italic>, <italic>NSP5</italic> was conservative.</p> <p><bold>Discussion.</bold> The results obtained are consistent with the literature data and indicate the participation of <italic>NSP</italic> genes in maintaining the heterogeneity of the rotavirus population.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Until 2018, the genetic diversity of rotaviruses in Nizhny Novgorod was determined by the circulation of strains carrying several alleles of the <italic>NSP2</italic> gene and conservative genes <italic>NSP1</italic>, <italic>NSP3</italic>–<italic>NSP5</italic>. By the end of the study period, new variants of the genotype G9P[8] were formed in the population, carrying previously unknown combinations of alleles of nonstructural genes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> В России ротавирус А является основной причиной тяжёлого гастроэнтерита вирусной этиологии у детей раннего возраста. Молекулярные особенности, позволяющие ротавирусу того или иного генотипа получить эволюционное преимущество, остаются неясны, поэтому изучение генетического разнообразия ротавирусов на основе генов, кодирующих неструктурные белки, ответственных за репродукцию вируса в клетке, является актуальной задачей.</p> <p><bold>Цель работы </bold>– изучение генетического разнообразия ротавирусов генотипа G9P[8], доминировавшего в Нижнем Новгороде в 2011–2020 гг., на основе генов, кодирующих неструктурные белки.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Ротавирус-положительные образцы стула детей исследовали методами ПЦР-генотипирования и секвенирования нуклеотидных последовательностей генов <italic>NSP1</italic>–<italic>NSP5</italic>. Филогенетический анализ проводили в программе MEGA X.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В период 2011–2020 гг. в Нижнем Новгороде происходила коциркуляция ротавирусов G9P[8], имеющих четыре варианта гена <italic>NSP2</italic>. Новые аллели были отмечены в 2012 (N1-a-III), 2016 (N1-a-IV) и 2019 гг. (N1-a-II). Появление новых вариантов других генов произошло в 2014 (Е1-3, <italic>NSP</italic><italic>4</italic>), 2018 (T1-a3-III, <italic>NSP</italic><italic>3</italic>) и 2019 гг. (A1-b-II, <italic>NSP</italic><italic>1</italic>). Наиболее вариабельным по аминокислотной последовательности был <italic>NSP</italic><italic>2</italic> (16 замен), для <italic>NSP</italic><italic>1</italic>, <italic>NSP</italic><italic>3</italic> и <italic>NSP</italic><italic>4</italic> было показано от 2 до 7 замен, <italic>NSP</italic><italic>5</italic> был консервативен.</p> <p><bold>Обсуждение. </bold>Полученные результаты согласуются с данными литературы и свидетельствуют об участии генов <italic>NSP</italic> в поддержании гетерогенности популяции ротавирусов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> До 2018 г. генетическое разнообразие ротавирусов в Нижнем Новгороде определялось коциркуляцией штаммов, несущих несколько аллелей гена <italic>NSP2</italic>, и консервативными генами <italic>NSP</italic><italic>1</italic>, <italic>NSP</italic><italic>3</italic>– <italic>NSP</italic><italic>5</italic>. К концу изучаемого периода в популяции сформировались новые варианты генотипа G9P[8], несущие ранее не встречавшиеся комбинации аллелей неструктурных генов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rotavirus</kwd><kwd>nonstructural genes</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis</kwd><kwd>genetic variants</kwd><kwd>amino acid substitutions</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ротавирус</kwd><kwd>неструктурные гены</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>генетические варианты</kwd><kwd>аминокислотные замены</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Роспотребнадзор</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Rospotrebnadzor</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Priority areas of scientific research undertaken in order to create vaccines against diarrheal diseases. 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