Problems of VirologyProblems of VirologyВопросы вирусологии0507-40882411-2097Central Research Institute for Epidemiology49410.36233/0507-4088-47REVIEWSОБЗОРЫSusceptibility of animal species to experimental SARS-CoV-2 (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus; Sarbecovirus) infectionИзучение чувствительности лабораторных животных к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus; Sarbecovirus)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2192-7302PetrovaN. V.ПетроваН. В.
Russian Federation

Petrova Natalia Vladimirovna, Researcher of Laboratory of the Physiologically Active Substances, FSBRI «Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology»; senior research associate, LLC «NPF «Materia Medica Holding»

125315, Moscow129272, Moscow

Петрова Наталия Владимировна, научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологически активных веществ ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»; старший научный сотрудник, ООО «НПФ «Материа Медика Холдинг»

125315, Москва129272, Москва

nataliyaapetrova89@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1571-6338GaninaK. K.ГанинаК. К.
Russian Federation

Ganina Ksenia Kirillovna, Ph.D. (Biol.), Senior Researcher

129272, Moscow

Ганина Ксения Кирилловна, канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник

129272, Москва

Tanaevakk@materiamedica.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-6958TarasovS. A.ТарасовС. А.
Russian Federation

Tarasov Sergey Alexandrovich, Ph.D. (Med.), Leading Researcher of Laboratory of the Physiologically Active Substances, FSBRI «Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology»; the head of research and development department, LLC «NPF «Materia Medica Holding»

125315, Moscow129272, Moscow

Тарасов Сергей Александрович, канд. мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологически активных веществ, ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»; директор департамента научных исследований и разработок, ООО «НПФ «Материа Медика Холдинг»

125315, Москва129272, Москва

satarasovmail@yandex.ruFSBRI «Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology»ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»LLC «NPF «Materia Medica Holding»ООО «НПФ «Материа Медика Холдинг»150520216621031111505202115052021Copyright ©; 2021, Petrova N.V., Ganina K.K., Tarasov S.A.Copyright ©; 2021, Петрова Н.В., Ганина К.К., Тарасов С.А.2021Petrova N.V., Ganina K.K., Tarasov S.A.Петрова Н.В., Ганина К.К., Тарасов С.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/494

Due to the new coronavirus infection pandemic, the global scientific community has been forced to change the direction of the most research, focusing on vaccine development as well as the search for new antiviral drugs to treat COVID-19. The choice of experimental models, timeframe and approaches for evaluating drugs and vaccines under development is crucial for the development of effective measures to prevent and control this disease.The purpose of this review was to summarize the relevant data concerning the susceptibility of laboratory animals to SARS-CoV-2. This paper describes the most virus-susceptible animal species that can be used to reproduce coronavirus infection, stressing the main advantages and disadvantages of each of them.According to the latest data, small rodents (Rodentia) and non-human primates (Strepsirrhini) are commonly used in the scientific community to model coronavirus infection. The viral load in the upper and lower parts of the respiratory system, clinical symptoms of infection (weight loss, body temperature and general health status), pathomorphological picture in target organs and the production of antibodies after infection are considered to the main markers of pathology. Despite the vast amount of data, none of the described models of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be considered a gold standard, since they do not reproduce all spectrum of morphological and pathogenetic mechanisms of infection, and do not fully reflect the clinical picture observed in patients in human population.Based on the analyzed literature data, we suppose that Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and mice (Muridae) expressing the angiotensin converting enzyme receptor 2 (ACE2) are the most suitable animal species for their use in experiments with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The development of neutralizing antibodies makes it possible to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines, while the course and severity of symptoms infection makes the use of mice and hamsters especially popular for screening pharmacological substances with antiviral mechanism of action, when their administration can prevent or slow the disease progression.

Вследствие пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (НКИ) мировое научное сообщество было вынуждено изменить направление большинства исследований, сосредоточив силы на создании вакцины, а также поиске новых противовирусных препаратов для лечения COVID-19. Выбор экспериментальных моделей, временного периода и подходов для оценки разрабатываемых лекарственных средств и вакцин имеет важнейшее значение для выработки эффективных мер по профилактике и борьбе с этим заболеванием. Цель настоящего обзора – обобщение актуальных данных относительно чувствительности лабораторных моделей к новому коронавирусу SARS-CoV-2 (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus; Sarbecovirus). Работа содержит описание наиболее восприимчивых к нему видов животных, которые могут быть использованы для воспроизведения НКИ, с изложением основных достоинств и недостатков каждого из них.Для моделирования инфекционного процесса при COVID-19 обычно выбирают мелких грызунов (Rodentia) и нечеловекообразных приматов (Strepsirrhini). В качестве основных маркёров патологии рассматривают вирусную нагрузку в верхних и нижних отделах дыхательной системы, клинические симптомы (потеря массы тела, температура тела и общее состояние животных), патоморфологическую картину в органах-мишенях, а также выработку антител (АТ) после инфицирования. Несмотря на обширный объём данных, ни одна из описанных моделей заражения SARS-CoV-2 пока не может считаться эталонной, так как не воспроизводит весь спектр морфологических и патогенетических механизмов инфекции, а также не отражает в полной мере клиническую картину, наблюдаемую у пациентов в человеческой популяции.На основании проведённого анализа литературных данных мы полагаем, что сирийский хомячок (Mesocricetus auratus) и мыши (Muridae), экспрессирующие рецептор ангиотензинпревращающего фермента 2 (АПФ2), являются наиболее чувствительными видами для использования в подобных экспериментах. Выработка нейтрализующих АТ позволяет оценить эффективность вакцинных препаратов, а течение и выраженность симптомов делает использование мышей и хомячков особенно востребованным для скрининга фармакологических веществ с противовирусным действием, введение которых может предотвратить либо замедлить прогрессирование болезни.

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