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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">455</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-6-2</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of herpesviruses in development of diseases of the urogenital tract and infertility in women</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль герпесвирусов в развитии заболеваний урогенитального тракта и бесплодия у женщин</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3396-5533</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushch</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кущ</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sci. (Biol.), Prof., Head of the laboratory</p><p>123098, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, руководитель лаборатории</p><p>123098, Москва</p></bio><email>vitallku@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7336-409X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kisteneva</surname><given-names>L. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кистенёва</surname><given-names>Л. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123098, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией хронических вирусных инфекций</p><p>123098, Москва</p></bio><email>lborisovna2007@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-8444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimova</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климова</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123098, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>123098, Москва</p></bio><email>regi.k@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7639-7268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheshik</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чешик</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123098, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный специалист внедрения научных разработок, лаборатория хронических вирусных инфекций</p><p>123098, Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of FSBI «National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вирусологии им. Д.И. Ивановского ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. почётного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>317</fpage><lpage>325</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-01-07"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-01-07"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Kushch A.A., Kisteneva L.B., Klimova R.R., Cheshik S.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Кущ А.А., Кистенёва Л.Б., Климова Р.Р., Чешик С.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kushch A.A., Kisteneva L.B., Klimova R.R., Cheshik S.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кущ А.А., Кистенёва Л.Б., Климова Р.Р., Чешик С.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/455">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/455</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review presents the data on the spreading of all known human herpesviruses (НHVs) in female urogenital tract. According to the WHO almost 500 million people worldwide suffer from genital infection caused by НHVs. НHVs were detected in various inflammatory diseases of female upper and lower genital tract (vaginitis and cervicitis), in extrauterine pregnancy (in fallopian tubes), in infertility (cervical channel, endometrium and ovaries). Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‑1) was identified for the first time in oocytes after failed in vitro fertilization (IVF). НHVs produce negative effect on the entire reproductive process from conception to childbirth. It was established that HSV, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) markedly increase the risk of spontaneous abortion, preterm birth and stillbirth. Intrauterine НHV infection is a major cause of congenital malformations. Data on humoral and cell immunity in genital herpesvirus infections (НHVI) are also reviewed. Intravaginal HSV‑2 infection changes cell composition of vaginal mucosa, i.e., together with cells mobilized from the blood, protective role is performed by resident memory T‑cells (TRM), natural killer cells (NK‑cells) and regulatory T‑cells (Treg) whose function consists in maintaining the balance of the activities of lymphocytes. Constant НHVI spreading is largely explained by transition of primary infection to potentially reactivating latent form, since latent virus is unavailable to immune recognition and medicines. The genome editing system CRISPR/Cas9 can recognize and modify not only active but also latent viruses. The promising pilot results with the use of this system offer the possibility of developing innovative technologies for НHV elimination and НHVI eradication.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре представлены данные о распространении всех известных герпесвирусов человека (ГВ) в урогенитальном тракте женщин. Согласно ВОЗ почти у 500 млн людей во всём мире выявлена генитальная инфекция, вызванная ГВ. Эти возбудители обнаруживаются при различных воспалительных заболеваниях в нижних и верхних отделах женского генитального тракта: при вагините, цервиците; у имеющих внематочную беременность – в фаллопиевых трубах; у страдающих бесплодием – в цервикальном канале, эндометрии, яичниках. Вирус простого герпеса 1 типа (ВПГ-1) впервые обнаружен в ооцитах женщин с неудачными по- пытками экстракорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО). ГВ-инфекции (ГВИ) негативно влияют на все стадии репродуктивного процесса от зачатия до рождения ребёнка. Доказано, что ВПГ и цитомегаловирус (ЦМВ), а также вирус герпеса человека 6 типа (ВГЧ-6) в период беременности значительно увеличивают риск спонтанных абортов, преждевременных родов и мертворождений. Внутриутробная ГВИ – одна из ведущих причин врождённых пороков развития. В работе рассмотрены особенности гуморального и клеточного иммунитета при генитальных инфекциях герпесвирусной этиологии. Интравагинальное заражение ВПГ‑2 вызывает изменение клеточного состава слизистой оболочки влагалища; наряду с клетками, мобилизуемыми из крови, защитную роль играют резидентные Т-клетки памяти (TRM), натуральные киллеры (NK-клетки), а также регуляторные Т-клетки (Treg), функция которых – поддержание баланса активности лимфоцитов. Продолжающееся распространение ГВИ в значительной степени объясняется переходом первичной инфекции в латентную форму с последующей возможностью реактивации, так как латентный возбудитель недоступен для иммунного распознавания и действия лечебных препаратов. В последние годы разработана новая биотехнологическая система редактирования генома CRISPR/Cas9, которая в принципе способна распознавать не только активные, но и латентные вирусы и действовать на них. Первые обнадёживающие результаты открывают возможность разработки в будущем эффективных технологий элиминации ГВ и эрадикации вызываемых ими инфекций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human herpesvirus</kwd><kwd>frequency of infection</kwd><kwd>diseases of the urogenital tract</kwd><kwd>asymptomatic herpesvirus infection</kwd><kwd>miscarriage</kwd><kwd>female infertility</kwd><kwd>immune response in genital infections</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>герпесвирусы человека</kwd><kwd>частота встречаемости</kwd><kwd>заболевания урогенитального тракта</kwd><kwd>бессимптомная герпесвирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>невынашивание беременности</kwd><kwd>женское бесплодие</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ при генитальных инфекциях</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Тютюнник В.Л., Орджоникидзе Н.В., Зыряева Н.А. Перинатальные аспекты цитомегаловирусной инфекции. 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