Problems of VirologyProblems of Virology0507-40882411-2097Central Research Institute for Epidemiology43710.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-5-4Antiviral activity of extracts of basidiomycetes and humic compounds substances against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Retroviridae: Orthoretrovirinae: Lentivirus: Human immunodeficiency virus 1) and Herpes Simplex Virus (Herpesviridae: Simplexvirus: Human alphaherpesvirus 1)NosikD. N.123098, Moscowdnnosik@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5757-5671NosikN. N.123098, Moscownosiknn@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1943-6536TeplyakovaT. V.630559, Koltsovo district, Novosibirsk regionvector@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-5051LobachO. A.<p><span class="fontstyle0">Cand. Sci. Biol., senior researcher at the Laboratory of antiviral and disinfection agents</span> </p><p>123098, Moscow</p>victoriola@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-6433KiselevaI. A.123098, Moscowiakiseleva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3693-6081KondrashinaN. G.123098, Moscownina.kond1950@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3985-3839BochkovaM. S.123098, Moscowbochkovams1@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9295-8379AnankoG. G.630559, Koltsovo district, Novosibirsk regionvector@vector.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6570-5501The D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology FSBI «National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of RussiaFBU State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector» of Rospotrebnadzor161120206552762831411202014112020Copyright © 2020, Nosik D.N., Nosik N.N., Teplyakova T.V., Lobach O.A., Kiseleva I.A., Kondrashina N.G., Bochkova M.S., Ananko G.G.2020<p><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Introduction</span></strong><span class="fontstyle1"><strong>.</strong> One of the most urgent problem of modern medicine is the fight against the disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – HIV infection. The chemical compounds have improved the situation for infected people, but they are toxic, disrupt the metabolism and cannot eliminate the integrated virus from the body. The emergence of resistant HIV strains makes these treatments ineffective. Often, the death of HIV-infected people occurs as a result of the development of opportunistic infections caused by viruses of the </span><span class="fontstyle3">Herpesviridae </span><span class="fontstyle1">family. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic and preventive drugs that are less toxic and active against several viruses at the same time is relevant. </span><span class="fontstyle3">Basidiomycetes</span><span class="fontstyle1">, higher fungi, are a source of medicinal compounds that have antimicrobial properties, as well as antiviral ones. Humic compounds (HS) of various nature also have antiviral activity.<br /></span></p><p><strong><span class="fontstyle0">The aim </span></strong><span class="fontstyle1"><strong>of the study</strong> was to obtain nontoxic compounds from the basidiomycete </span><span class="fontstyle3">Inonotus obliquus </span><span class="fontstyle1">and humic compounds from brown coals and to test their activity against viruses that are pathogenic to humans: HIV and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV).<br /></span></p><p><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Material and methods</span></strong><span class="fontstyle1"><strong>.</strong> The antiviral activity of melanin extracts obtained from the culture of the chaga fungus </span><span class="fontstyle3">Inonotus obliquus </span><span class="fontstyle1">and HS from the brown coal of the Kansko-Achinsk Deposit was studied using a model of MT-4 lymphoblastoid cells infected with HIV type 1 (HIV–1) strains and a monolayer culture of </span><span class="fontstyle3">Vero </span><span class="fontstyle1">cells infected with HSV type 1 (HSV-1) using virological and statistical research methods.<br /></span></p><p><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Results and discussion</span></strong><span class="fontstyle1">. It was found that all the studied compounds did not have a cytotoxic effect on cells at a concentration of 100 mcg</span><span class="fontstyle0">/</span><span class="fontstyle1">ml. It was shown that extracts of basidiomycetes and HS have antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HSV-1. EC </span><span class="fontstyle1">50 </span><span class="fontstyle1">(50%-effective concentration) for HIV-1 was 3.7–5.0 mcg/ml, selectivity index 28–35. Antiherpetic activity was detected at a dose of 50–100 mcg/ml. The antiviral effectiveness of melanin compounds was established both in the «preventive» (2 hours before cell infection) and in the «therapeutic» regimen of drug administration, both for HIV-1 and HSV-1. The presence of antiviral activity of melanin and HS in relation to the RNA-containing HIV-1 virus and DNA-containing HSV-1 virus in our study coincides with the results of a number of authors in relation to influenza viruses, herpes virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, Coxsackievirus, smallpox vaccine virus, which suggests that the type of nucleic acid in the virus does not play a fundamental role in the antiviral action of these drugs. It is also clear that HS is effective against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.<br /></span></p><p><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusion</span></strong><span class="fontstyle1"><strong>.</strong> In general, it can be concluded that melanin and humic compounds are characterized by low toxicity in the presence of both virucidal and antiviral activity. 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