Problems of VirologyProblems of Virology0507-40882411-2097Central Research Institute for Epidemiology40210.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-4-182-190The potential of synthetic small interfering RNA-based antiviral drugs for influenza treatmentPashkovE. A.<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Evgeny A. Pashkov</span><span lang="EN-US"> – postgraduate of microbiology, virology and immunology department of Sechenov University; junior researcher of I. Mechnikov RI of Vaccines and Sera</span><span lang="BE">.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">105064, Moscow</span></p>pashckov.j@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5682-4581FaizuloevE. B.<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Evgeny B. Faizuloev</span><span lang="EN-US"> – Ph. D., The Head of Molecular Virology of I. Mechnikov RI of Vaccines and Sera.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">105064, Moscow</span></p>fake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-5083SvitichO. A.<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Oxana A. Svitich</span><span lang="EN-US"> – Corresponding member of RAS, MD, The head of I. Mechnikov RIof Vaccines and Sera; Professor of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology department of Sechenov University.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Moscow</span></p>fake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-8389SergeevO. V.<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Oleg V. Sergeev</span><span lang="EN-US"> – MD, Professor of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology department of Sechenov University;leading researcher of Comparative virology department of Central RI for Epidemiology.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Moscow</span></p>fake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-2224ZverevV. V.<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Vitaliy V. Zverev </span><span lang="EN-US">– Corresponding Member of RAS, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Scientific Adviser of I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera; Professor, The Leader of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology department of Sechenov University.</span></p><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Moscow</span>fake@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0017-1892I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and SeraNational Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya170920206541821901609202016092020Copyright © 2020, Pashkov E.A., Faizuloev E.B., Svitich O.A., Sergeev O.V., Zverev V.V.2020<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Influenza is a worldwide public health problem. Annually, this infection affects up to 15% of the world population; and about half a million people die from this disease every year. Moreover, influenza A and B viruses tend to garner most of the attention, as these types are a major cause of the epidemics and pandemics. Although the influenza virus primarily affects the respiratory tract, it may also affect the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Several antiviral drugs, that target various stages of viral reproduction, have been considered effective for the treatment and prevention of influenza, but some virus strains become resistant to these medications. Thus, new strategies and techniques should be developed to overcome the antiviral drug resistance. Recent studies suggest that new drugs based on RNA interference (RNAi) appear to be a promising therapeutic approach that regulates the activity of viral or cellular genes. As it is known, the RNAi is a eukaryotic gene regulatory mechanism that can be triggered by a foreign double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and results in the cleavage of the target messenger RNA (mRNA). This review discusses the prospects, advantages, and disadvantages of using RNAi in carrying out a specific treatment for influenza infection. However, some viruses confer resistance to small interfering RNAs (siRNA) targeting viral genes. This problem can significantly reduce the effectiveness of RNAi. 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