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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">402</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-4-182-190</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The potential of synthetic small interfering RNA-based antiviral drugs for influenza treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перспектива создания специфических противогриппозных препаратов на основе синтетических малых интерферирующих РНК</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5682-4581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашков</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny A. Pashkov – postgraduate of microbiology, virology and immunology department of Sechenov University; junior researcher of I. Mechnikov RI of Vaccines and Sera.</p><p>105064, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пашков Евгений Алексеевич – аспирант кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии ФГБНУ НИИВС им И.И. Мечникова.</p><p>105064, Москва</p></bio><email>pashckov.j@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-5083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Faizuloev</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файзулоев</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny B. Faizuloev – Ph. D., The Head of Molecular Virology of I. Mechnikov RI of Vaccines and Sera.</p><p>105064, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p/><p>Файзулоев Евгений Бахтиёрович – кандмдат биологичеких наук, зав. лаб. молекулярной вирусологии ФГБНУ НИИВС им И.И. Мечникова.</p>105064, Москва</bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-8389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svitich</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свитич</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana A. Svitich – Corresponding member of RAS, MD, The head of I. Mechnikov RIof Vaccines and Sera; Professor of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology department of Sechenov University.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свитич Оксана Анатольевна – чл.-корр. РАН, доктор медицинских наук, дир. ФГБНУ НИИВС им И.И. Мечникова, зав. лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии ФГБНУ НИИВС им. И.И. Мечникова; профессор каф. микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет).</p><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3407-2224</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Sergeev – MD, Professor of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology department of Sechenov University;leading researcher of Comparative virology department of Central RI for Epidemiology.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p/><p>Сергеев Олег Витальевич – доктор биологических наук, профессор каф. микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет) Москва, Россия; вед. науч. сотр. лаб. сравнительной вирусологии ФГБУ НИЦЭМ им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи.</p>Москва</bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0017-1892</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p/><p>Vitaliy V. Zverev  – Corresponding Member of RAS, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Scientific Adviser of I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera; Professor, The Leader of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology department of Sechenov University.</p>Moscow</bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зверев Виталий Васильевич – академик РАН, доктор биологических наук, науч. рук. ФГБНУ НИИВС им. И.И. Мечникова; профессор, зав. каф. микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет).</p><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почётного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-09-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>182</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-09-16"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-09-16"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Pashkov E.A., Faizuloev E.B., Svitich O.A., Sergeev O.V., Zverev V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Пашков Е.А., Файзулоев Е.Б., Свитич О.А., Сергеев О.В., Зверев В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pashkov E.A., Faizuloev E.B., Svitich O.A., Sergeev O.V., Zverev V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пашков Е.А., Файзулоев Е.Б., Свитич О.А., Сергеев О.В., Зверев В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/402">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/402</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Influenza is a worldwide public health problem. Annually, this infection affects up to 15% of the world population; and about half a million people die from this disease every year. Moreover, influenza A and B viruses tend to garner most of the attention, as these types are a major cause of the epidemics and pandemics. Although the influenza virus primarily affects the respiratory tract, it may also affect the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Several antiviral drugs, that target various stages of viral reproduction, have been considered effective for the treatment and prevention of influenza, but some virus strains become resistant to these medications. Thus, new strategies and techniques should be developed to overcome the antiviral drug resistance. Recent studies suggest that new drugs based on RNA interference (RNAi) appear to be a promising therapeutic approach that regulates the activity of viral or cellular genes. As it is known, the RNAi is a eukaryotic gene regulatory mechanism that can be triggered by a foreign double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and results in the cleavage of the target messenger RNA (mRNA). This review discusses the prospects, advantages, and disadvantages of using RNAi in carrying out a specific treatment for influenza infection. However, some viruses confer resistance to small interfering RNAs (siRNA) targeting viral genes. This problem can significantly reduce the effectiveness of RNAi. Therefore, applying siRNAs targeting host cell factors required for influenza virus reproduction can be a way to overcome the antiviral drug resistance.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Грипп является одной из самых актуальных проблем здравоохранения во всём мире. Ежегодно гриппом болеют до 15% населения земли, из них около 500 тыс. человек умирают. Особую клиническую значимость представляют вирусы гриппа А и В, имеющие высокий эпидемический и пандемический потенциал. Помимо поражения дыхательных путей, грипп способен вызвать осложнения со стороны сердечно-сосудистой и центральной нервной системы. Несмотря на широкий спектр специфически направленных на различные стадии вирусной репродукции противогриппозных препаратов, наиболее остро стоит проблема формирования вирусной резистентности к традиционным лекарственным препаратам, что требует поиска новых технологий для её преодоления. Перспективным представляется создание лекарственных препаратов, действие которых основано на ингибировании активности вирусных или клеточных генов под влиянием механизмов РНК-интерференции. РНК-интерференция - это каскад регуляторных реакций в эукариотических клетках, вызванный чужеродной экзогенной двухцепочечной РНК, в результате чего происходит расщепление целевой матричной РНК. В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются использование механизма РНК-интер-ференции при разработке специфически направленных противогриппозных средств, а также перспективы, преимущества и недостатки данного подхода. Необходимо учитывать, что важным фактором, снижающим эффективность РНК-интерференции, является формирование резистентности вирусов к действию малых интерферирующих РНК, направленных к вирусным генам. Ввиду этого для преодоления лекарственной устойчивости вируса гриппа наиболее пристального внимания заслуживает исследование применения малых интерферирующих РНК, направленных непосредственно к факторам клетки-хозяина, которые необходимы для репродукции вируса гриппа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>RNA-interference</kwd><kwd>small interfering RNA</kwd><kwd>drug resistance</kwd><kwd>influenza virus А and В</kwd><kwd>gene knockdown</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грипп</kwd><kwd>РНК-интерференция</kwd><kwd>малые интерферирующие РНК</kwd><kwd>лекарственная резистентность</kwd><kwd>вирусы гриппа А и В</kwd><kwd>нокдаун гена</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors are grateful to I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) for financing within the framework of the University Grant 2020 project</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы благодарят «Сеченовский Университет» за финансирование в рамках проекта «Университетский грант - 2020»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Peteranderl C., Herold S., Schmoldt C. Human influenza virus infections. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2016; 37(4): 487-500. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1584801</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2.	Cheng A.C., Holmes M., Dwyer D.E., Senanayake S., Cooley L., Irving L.B., et al. Influenza epidemiology in patients admitted to sentinel Australian hospitals in 2018: the Influenza Complications Alert Network (FluCAN). Commun. Dis. Intell. (2018). 2019; 43. 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