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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">399</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-4-203-211</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic spread in a megacity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Закономерности эпидемического распространения SARS-CoV-2 в условиях мегаполиса</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily G. Akimkin – D. Sci. (Med.), Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director.</p><p>Moscow, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акимкин Василий Геннадиевич – доктор медицинских наук, акад. РАН, директор.</p><p>197101, Москва </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-9777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzin</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузин</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav N. Kuzin – D. Sci. (Med.), prof., Head, Laboratory of viral hepatitis.</p><p>Moscow, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузин Станислав Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. лаб. вирусных гепатитов .</p><p>197101, Москва </p></bio><email>drkuzin@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-9011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenenko</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семененко</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Semenenko – PhD, DSc (Med.), professor, Head of the epidemiology Department.</p><p>Moscow, 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семененко Татьяна Анатольевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель отдела эпидемиологии.</p><p>123098, Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-6772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipulina</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипулина</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p/><p>Olga Yu. Shipulina – PhD (Med.), Head of subdivisions, of laboratory medicine and laboratory services promotion, Department of molecular diagnostics and epidemiology.</p>Moscow, 197101</bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шипулина Ольга Юрьевна – кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель подразделения лабораторной медицины и продвижения лабораторных услуг отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии.</p><p>197101, Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-941X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsyshina</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцышина</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Shipulina – PhD (Med.), Head of subdivisions, of laboratory medicine and laboratory services promotion, Department of molecular diagnostics and epidemiology.</p><p>Moscow, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p/><p>Яцышина Светлана Борисовна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии.</p>197101, Москва</bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1286-2612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tivanova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тиванова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Tivanova – Head, area of laboratory medicine and laboratory services promotion, Department of molecular diagnostics and epidemiology.</p><p>Moscow, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тиванова Елена Валерьевна – руководитель направления лабораторной медицины и продвижения лабораторных услуг отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии.</p><p>197101, Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9126-1155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalenskaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каленская</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Kalenskaya – Deputy head, area of laboratory medicine and laboratory services promotion for customer service, Department of molecular diagnostics and epidemiology.</p><p>Moscow, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каленская Анна Валентиновна – заместитель руководителя направления лабораторной медицины и продвижения лабораторных услуг по клиентскому сервису отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии.</p><p>197101, Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3136-9500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьёва</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Solovieva – Head, Quality assurance group, Clinical and diagnostic laboratory.</p><p>Moscow, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p/><p>Соловьёва Ирина Владимировна – руководитель группы обеспечения качества Клинико-диагностической лаборатории.</p>197101, Москва</bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8582-5199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vershinina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вершинина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Vershinina – leading consultant in laboratory medicine, Department of molecular diagnostics and epidemiology.</p><p>Moscow, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вершинина Марина Анатольевна – ведущий консультант по лабораторной медицине отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии.</p><p>197101, Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4545-1804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kvasova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Квасова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Kvasova – epidemiologist, Laboratory of Infections associated with the provision of medical assistance.</p><p>Moscow, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p/><p>Квасова Ольга Андреевна – врач-эпидемиолог лаборатории инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи.</p>197101, Москва</bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ploskireva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плоскирева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonina A. Ploskireva – D. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director.</p><p>Moscow, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плоскирева Антонина Александровна – доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора.</p><p>197101, Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-7807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamoshina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамошина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Mamoshina – junior researcher, Department of molecular diagnostics and epidemiology.</p><p>Moscow, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мамошина Марина Васильевна – младший научный сотрудник отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии.</p><p>197101, Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-6781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elkina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елькина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya A. Elkina – junior researcher, Department of molecular diagnostics and epidemiology.</p><p>Moscow, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елькина Мария Александровна – младший научный сотрудник отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии.</p><p>197101, Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-8204</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klushkina</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клушкина</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitalina V. Klushkina – epidemiologist, Laboratory of viral hepatitis.</p><p>Moscow, 197101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p/><p>Клушкина Виталина Владимировна – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-эпидемилог лаборатории вирусных гепатитов.</p>197101, Москва</bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6687-7276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena E. Andreeva – D. Sci. (Med.), prof., Head.</p><p>Moscow, 129626</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреева Елена Евгеньевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель Управления Роспотребнадзора по г. Москве.</p><p>129626, Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7122-017X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иваненко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr V. Ivanenko – chief physician.</p><p>Moscow, 129626</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иваненко Александр Валентинович – главный врач.</p><p>129626, Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почётного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being in Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Управление Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека по г. Москве</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the City of Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУЗ «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в городе Москве»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-09-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>203</fpage><lpage>211</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Akimkin V.G., Kuzin S.N., Semenenko T.A., Shipulina O.Y., Yatsyshina S.B., Tivanova E.V., Kalenskaya A.V., Solovyova I.V., Vershinina M.A., Kvasova O.A., Ploskireva A.A., Mamoshina M.V., Elkina M.A., Klushkina V.V., Andreeva E.E., Ivanenko A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Акимкин В.Г., Кузин С.Н., Семененко Т.А., Шипулина О.Ю., Яцышина С.Б., Тиванова Е.В., Каленская А.В., Соловьёва И.В., Вершинина М.А., Квасова О.А., Плоскирева А.А., Мамошина М.В., Елькина М.А., Клушкина В.В., Андреева Е.Е., Иваненко А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akimkin V.G., Kuzin S.N., Semenenko T.A., Shipulina O.Y., Yatsyshina S.B., Tivanova E.V., Kalenskaya A.V., Solovyova I.V., Vershinina M.A., Kvasova O.A., Ploskireva A.A., Mamoshina M.V., Elkina M.A., Klushkina V.V., Andreeva E.E., Ivanenko A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Акимкин В.Г., Кузин С.Н., Семененко Т.А., Шипулина О.Ю., Яцышина С.Б., Тиванова Е.В., Каленская А.В., Соловьёва И.В., Вершинина М.А., Квасова О.А., Плоскирева А.А., Мамошина М.В., Елькина М.А., Клушкина В.В., Андреева Е.Е., Иваненко А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/399">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/399</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>The purpose </bold><bold>of the study</bold> is to analyze patterns demonstrated by the COVID-19 epidemic process in a megacity during the increase, stabilization and reduction in the incidence, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the epidemic prevention measures.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The comprehensive study incorporating epidemiological, molecular genetic and  statistical research methods was conducted to analyze the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Moscow during the COVID- 19 pandemic.</p><p><bold>Results and discussion</bold>. It was found that the exponential growth in COVID-19 cases was prevented due to the most stringent control and restrictive measures deployed in Moscow to break the chains of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and due to people who were very disciplined in complying with the self-isolation rules. The  analysis of the dynamics in detection of new COVID-19 cases showed that in a megacity, the impact of social distancing and self-isolation would become apparent only after 3.5 incubation periods, where the maximum length of the period is 14 days. It was discovered that the detection frequency of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in relatively healthy population and its dynamics are important monitoring parameters, especially during the increase and stabilization in the COVID-19 incidence, and are instrumental in predicting the development of the epidemic situation within a range of 1–2 incubation periods (14–28 days). In Moscow, the case fatality rate was 1.73% over the observation period (6/3/2020–23/6/2020).</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The epidemiological analysis of the COVID-19 situation in Moscow showed certain patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 spread and helped evaluate the effectiveness of the epidemic prevention measures aimed at  breaking the routes of transmission of the pathogen.  </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> - изучить закономерности, свойственные эпидемическому процессу COVID-19, в условиях мегаполиса, в фазах подъёма, стабилизации и снижения заболеваемости, а также оценить эффективность противоэпидемических мероприятий.</p><p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. Проведено комплексное изучение распространения SARS-CoV-2 в Москве с использованием эпидемиологического, молекулярно-генетического и статистического методов исследования в период пандемии COVID-19.</p><p><bold>Результаты и обсуждение</bold>. Показано, что применение максимально жёстких организационно-ограничительных мер в масштабах Москвы, обеспечивающих разрыв механизма передачи SARS-CoV-2, и высокая дисциплина населения по исполнению режима самоизоляции позволили не допустить экспоненциального роста заболеваемости COVID-19. Анализ динамики выявления новых случаев COVID-19 показал, что эффект от применения мер по разобщению и режима самоизоляции в условиях мегаполиса наступает через временной промежуток, равный 3,5 инкубационного периода, при его максимальной длительности 14 дней. Установлено, что показатель частоты определения РНК SARS-CoV-2 среди условно здорового населения и его динамика - важные параметры мониторинга, особенно на фазах роста и стабилизации заболеваемости COVID-19, позволяющие в перспективе 1-2 инкубационных периодов (14-28 дней) прогнозировать развитие эпидемиологической ситуации. Общий коэффициент летальности, рассчитанный за период наблюдения (06.03.2020-23.06.2020) в Москве, составил 1,73%.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В результате проведённого эпидемиологического анализа ситуации с COVID-19 в Москве определены некоторые закономерности распространения SARS-CoV-2 и оценена эффективность противоэпидемических мероприятий, направленных на разрыв механизма передачи возбудителя.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2 RNA</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>epidemic process</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd><kwd>relatively healthy residents</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>РНК SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>эпидемический процесс</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>условно здоровое население</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Lu R., Zhao X., Li J., Niu P., Yang B., Wu H., et al. 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