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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">361</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Rapid spread of the HIV-1 circular recombinant CRF02-AG in Russia and neighboring countries</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Стремительное распространение циркулирующей рекомбинантной формы CRF02-AG ВИЧ-1 на территории России и сопредельных стран</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskaleychik</surname><given-names>F. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Москалейчик</surname><given-names>Ф. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fedor Moskaleychik, MD,PhD</p><p>123098, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москалейчик Федор Феликсович, канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.</p><p>123098, г. Москва</p></bio><email>fedor.mosckaleychick@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Laga</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лага</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123098, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Delgado</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дельгадо</surname><given-names>Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="ES">Spain</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Madrid</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мадрид</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vega</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вега</surname><given-names>И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="ES">Spain</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Madrid</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мадрид</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fernandez-Garcia</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фернандес-Гарсия</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="ES">Spain</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Madrid</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мадрид</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Perez-Alvarez</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перес-Альварес</surname><given-names>Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="ES">Spain</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Madrid</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мадрид</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornilaeva</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнилаева</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123098, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronin</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пронин</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>129110, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129110, г. Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhernov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жернов</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123098, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Thomson</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томсон</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="ES">Spain</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Madrid</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мадрид</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobkova</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобкова</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123098, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karamov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карамов</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>123098, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“The D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology” Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вирусологии им. Д.И. Ивановского ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный центр микробиологии, Институт Салуда Карлоса III, Махадаонда</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">AIDS Center of Moscow Region</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУЗ МО «Московский областной центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом и инфекционными заболеваниями»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-12-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-07-12"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-07-12"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Moskaleychik F.F., Laga V.Y., Delgado E., Vega Y., Fernandez-Garcia A., Perez-Alvarez L., Kornilaeva G.V., Pronin A.Y., Zhernov Y.V., Thomson M.M., Bobkova M.R., Karamov E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Москалейчик Ф.Ф., Лага В.Ю., Дельгадо Е., Вега И., Фернандес-Гарсия А., Перес-Альварес Л., Корнилаева Г.В., Пронин А.Ю., Жернов Ю.В., Томсон М.М., Бобкова М.Р., Карамов Э.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Moskaleychik F.F., Laga V.Y., Delgado E., Vega Y., Fernandez-Garcia A., Perez-Alvarez L., Kornilaeva G.V., Pronin A.Y., Zhernov Y.V., Thomson M.M., Bobkova M.R., Karamov E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Москалейчик Ф.Ф., Лага В.Ю., Дельгадо Е., Вега И., Фернандес-Гарсия А., Перес-Альварес Л., Корнилаева Г.В., Пронин А.Ю., Жернов Ю.В., Томсон М.М., Бобкова М.Р., Карамов Э.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/361">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/361</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The spread of the HIV-1 circular recombinant CRF02-AG in countries of the former Soviet Union (Commonwealth of Independent States, CIS ) was studied using partial and full-genome sequences. The full-genome sequence of the CRF02-AG recombinant circulating in Russia was obtained for the first time. A global phylogenetic tree of CRF02-AG full-genome sequences was constructed. Three distinct groups of the sequences were detected as clustered by the geographical location (CIS, South Korea, and France), which is indicative of the single-virus introduction in each of the regions mentioned above. The CIS cluster exhibiting minimum genetic diversity was, therefore, relatively young. The phylogenetic analysis of the env gene sequences within the CIS cluster made it possible to clearly discriminate three branches: two of Russian and one of Uzbek origin. The low genetic diversity within the two Russian subclusters provides evidence of at least two recent independent introductions of the CRF02-AG recombinant from Central Asia into Russia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена исследованию распространения циркулирующей рекомбинантной формы CRF02-AG ВИЧ-1 по территории стран бывшего СССР на основе частичных и полногеномных сиквенсов. Впервые получен полногеномный сиквенс рекомбинанта CRF02-AG, циркулирующего в России (Московский регион). Построено общемировое филогенетическое дерево полногеномных сиквенсов CRF02-AG. Выявлены 3 четко кластеризующиеся географические группы: СНГ, Южная Корея и Франция, что, по-видимому, свидетельствует о единичном заносе вируса в каждый из регионов. Кластер СНГ характеризуется наименьшим генетическим разнообразием и является сравнительно молодым. Филогенетический анализ в пределах СНГ на основе последовательностей гена env четко дискриминирует 3 ветви: 2 российские и 1 узбекскую. Низкое генетическое разнообразие в двух российских кластерах свидетельствует как минимум о двух недавних независимых заносах рекомбинанта CRF02-AG на территорию России.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>subtype</kwd><kwd>circular recombinant form</kwd><kwd>molecular epidemiology</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic tree</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>субтип</kwd><kwd>циркулирующая рекомбинантная форма</kwd><kwd>молекулярная эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>филогенетическое дерево</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Karamov E.V., Yaroslavtseva N.G., Shchelkanov M.Y., Martovitski D., Lukashov V., Kozlov A.P. et al. Antigenic and genetic relations between different HIV-1 subtypes in Russia. Immunol. Infect. Dis. 1996; 6: 15–24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2. 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