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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">333</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A study of the HIV-1 regulatory genes using the polymerase chain reaction</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изменчивость регуляторных генов ВИЧ-1, выявляемых с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin Ryzhov, senior researcher</p><p>105064, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыжов Константин Александрович, ст. науч. сотр.</p><p>105064, г. Москва</p></bio><email>rkazaw@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nosik</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носик</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>105064, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105064, г. Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravtchenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>111123, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>111123, г. Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ « НИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Budget Institution of Science «Central Research Institute of Epidemiology» of the Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «ЦНИИ эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2015-06-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-07-10"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-07-10"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2015, Ryzhov K.A., Nosik M.N., Kravtchenko A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2015, Рыжов К.А., Носик М.Н., Кравченко А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryzhov K.A., Nosik M.N., Kravtchenko A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыжов К.А., Носик М.Н., Кравченко А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/333">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/333</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this work, a total of 200 samples from the HIV-infected individuals were analyzed: 50 samples from the Saha Republic (Yakutia), 50 samples from the Vologda Region (City of Cherepovets), and 100 samples from the Moscow Region (Moscow and Moscow Region). All samples were obtained from the patients who were not undergoing antiretroviral therapy. It was detected that the regulatory genes vif, vpr, vpu, rev, tat, and nef were amplified with moderate sensitivity after one-stage amplification. When those samples were analyzed by the nested PCR the detection ratio was much higher. While studying nef-gene the phenomena of the splicing in cells cores was detected at the advanced stages of the HIV-infection (3 and 4 stages). At the same time, the splicing was not detected at the earlier stages of the HIV-infection. This effect might be the cause of the transition from asymptomatic stage of the infection to the advanced stage. It was also shown for the first time that the variability of the regulatory genes correlated with the virus subtype.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследовано 200 образцов от ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц: 50 образцов из Республики Саха (Якутия), 50 образцов из Вологодской области (Череповец) и 100 образцов из Московского региона ( Москва и Московская область). Все образцы были получены от больных, не проходивших антиретровирусную терапию. В ходе исследования обнаружено, что в результате одностадийной амплификации регуляторные гены vif, vpr, vpu, rev, tat и nef амплифицируются с малой чувствительностью. При проведении полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) тех же образцов с использованием «гнездовой» ПЦР частота выявления этих генов значительно возросла. При изучении гена nef было установлено, что в поздних (3 и 4) стадиях инфекции в ядрах клеток наблюдается феномен сплайсинга, который отсутствует в ранних стадиях инфекции. Этот эффект может являться причиной перехода бессимптомной стадии ВИЧ-инфекции в манифестирующую. Впервые было показано, что изменчивость регуляторных генов зависит от субтипа вируса.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>regulatory genes</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>nested PCR</kwd><kwd>stages of HIV-infection</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>регуляторные гены ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>«гнездовая» полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>стадия ВИЧинфекции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Öhagen A., Gabuzda D. Role of Vif in Stability of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Core. J. Virol. 2000; 74(23): 11055–66.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2. Raymond A.D., Campbell-Sims T.C., Khan M., Lang M., Huang M.B., Bond V.C. et al. 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