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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">255</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-2019-64-6-281-290</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of HIV-1 (Human immunodeficiency virus-1, Lentivirus, Orthoretrovirinae, Retroviridae) Nef protein polymorphism of variants circulating in the former USSR countries</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ полиморфизма белка Nef вариантов ВИЧ-1 (Human immunodeficiency virus-1, Lentivirus, Orthoretrovirinae, Retroviridae), циркулирующих в странах бывшего СССР</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9316-1975</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-2379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazennova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киреев</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>111123, г. Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1390-8021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kireev</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурзакова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>111123, г. Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2826-699X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murzakova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопатухин</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>111123, г. Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7912-4270</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopatukhin</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казеннова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>123098, г. Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5481-8957</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobkova</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобкова</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Dr Biol Sci, chirf researcher, head of T-lymphotropoc viruseslaboratory, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology</p><p>Moscow, 123098, 18, Gamaleya street, Russia </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией вирусов лейкозов  123098, г. Москва</p></bio><email>mrbobkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вирусологии им. Д.И. Ивановского, ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почётного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вирусологии им. Д.И. Ивановского, ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почётного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>281</fpage><lpage>290</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Gromov K.B., Kazennova E.V., Kireev D.E., Murzakova A.V., Lopatukhin A.E., Bobkova M.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Громов К.Б., Киреев Д.Е., Мурзакова А.В., Лопатухин А.Э., Казеннова Е.В., Бобкова М.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gromov K.B., Kazennova E.V., Kireev D.E., Murzakova A.V., Lopatukhin A.E., Bobkova M.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Громов К.Б., Киреев Д.Е., Мурзакова А.В., Лопатухин А.Э., Казеннова Е.В., Бобкова М.Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/255">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/255</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Nef protein is one of the key factors determining the infectivity and replicative properties of HIV. With the ability to interact with numerous proteins of the host cell, this protein provides the maximum level of virus production and protects it from the immune system. The main activities of Nef are associated with a decrease in the expression of the CD4 receptor and major histocompatibility complex class I molecules (MHC-I), as well as the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. These properties of the protein are determined by the structure of several motifs in the structure of the nef gene encoding it, which is quite variable.<bold>Goals and tasks</bold><bold>.</bold> The main goal of the work was to analyze the characteristics of Nef protein of HIV-1 variant A6, which dominates in the countries of the former USSR. The objective of the work was a comparative analysis of natural polymorphisms in the nef gene of HIV-1 sub-subtypes A6 and A1 and subtype B.<bold>Material and methods</bold><bold>.</bold> The sequences of the HIV-1 genome obtained during the previous work of the laboratory were used, as well as the reference sequence from GenBank. In this work, Sanger sequencing and new generation sequencing methods, as well as bioinformation analysis methods were used.<bold>Results and discussion</bold><bold>.</bold> The existence of noticeable differences in the prevalence of Nef natural polymorphisms (A32P, E38D, I43V, A54D, Q104K, H116N, Y120F, Y143F, V168M, H192T, V194R, R35Q, D108E, Y135F, E155K, E182M, R184K and F191L), some of which are characteristic mutations for variant A6, was shown. Conclusion. Characteristic substitutions were found in the Nef structure, potentially capable of weakening the replicative properties of HIV-1 variant A6.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold><bold>.</bold> Белок Nef вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) является одним из ключевых факторов, определяющих инфекционность и репликативные свойства ВИЧ. Обладая способностью к взаимодействию с многочисленными белками хозяйской клетки, этот белок обеспечивает максимальный уровень продукции вируса и защиту его от иммунной системы. Основные активности Nef связывают со снижением экспрессии CD4-рецептора и молекул главного комплекса гистосовместимости I типа (MHC-I), а также с перестройкой цитоскелета. Эти свойства белка определяются структурой нескольких мотивов в составе кодирующего его гена nef, имеющих вариабельную природу.<bold>Цели и задачи.</bold> Основной целью работы был анализ особенностей белка Nef варианта А6 ВИЧ-1, доминирующегов странах бывшего СССР. Задачей работы послужил сравнительный анализ естественных полиморфизмов в генe nef ВИЧ-1 суб-субтипов А6 и А1 и субтипа B.<bold>Материал и методы</bold>. Материалом для работы послужили последовательности генома ВИЧ-1, полученные в ходе предшествующей работы лаборатории, а также референс-последовательности из GenBank. В работе использованы методы секвенирования по Сэнгеру и секвенирования нового поколения, а также методы биоинформационного анализа.<bold>Результаты и обсуждение. </bold>Продемонстрированы различия в частоте встречаемости естественных полиморфизмов белка Nef (A32P, E38D, I43V, A54D, Q104K, H116N, Y120F, Y143F, V168M, H192T, V194R, R35Q, D108E, Y135F, E155K, E182M, R184K и F191L), некоторые из которых являются характеристическими мутациями для варианта А6.<bold>Заключение. </bold>Обнаружены характеристические замены в составе Nef, потенциально способные ослаблять репликативные свойства варианта А6 ВИЧ-1.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV-1</kwd><kwd>sub-subtype A6</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>nef gene</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-1</kwd><kwd>суб-субтип А6</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>ген nef</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carrried out as a part of the international CARE project and supported from the sources of Ministry of science and higher education grant (unique number RFMEFI61019X0020).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено в рамках выполнения международного проекта CARE и поддержано Министерством науки и высшего образования (уникальный номер проекта RFMEFI61019X0020).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. 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