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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16907</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-419</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">tndgfa</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A comparative analysis of the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis E virus (<italic>Hepeviridae: Paslahepevirus</italic>) among residents of the Amur Region with different levels of zoonotic risk of infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительный анализ распространенности антител к вирусу гепатита Е (<italic>Hepeviridae: Paslahepevirus</italic>) среди жителей Амурской области с разным уровнем зоонозного риска инфицирования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7838-6965</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kichatova</surname><given-names>Vera S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кичатова</surname><given-names>Вера Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci (Med.), senior researcher at the laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral hepatitis, senior researcher fellow of the laboratory of viral hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных гепатитов, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>vera_kichatova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4984-8491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zotova</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зотова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases with Epidemiology and Dermatovenereology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней с эпидемиологией и дерматовенерологией</p></bio><email>30161zotova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7559-4219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potemkin</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потемкин</surname><given-names>Илья Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher at the laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral hepatitis, senior researcher fellow of the laboratory of viral hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных гепатитов, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>axi0ma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6853-4154</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopatukhina</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопатухина</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research fellow at the laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral hepatitis, research fellow of the laboratory of viral hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных гепатитов, научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>m.lopatukhina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1838-8037</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mobarhan</surname><given-names>Fedor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асади Мобархан</surname><given-names>Федор Алиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research fellow at the laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral hepatitis, research fellow of the laboratory of viral hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных гепатитов, научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>1amfa@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-5707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malinnikova</surname><given-names>Elena Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малинникова</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSc, Associate Professor, leading researcher, laboratory of viral hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>malinacgb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3423-6680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samokhvalov</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самохвалов</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>начальник</p></bio><email>samohvalov.sv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3010-3054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurganova</surname><given-names>Olga P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курганова</surname><given-names>Ольга Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), head, Chief state sanitary doctor for the Amur Region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, руководитель, главный государственный санитарный врач по Амурской области</p></bio><email>naspdo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-117X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kyuregyan</surname><given-names>Karen K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кюрегян</surname><given-names>Карен Каренович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, DSc, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, head of the laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral hepatitis, leading researcher of the laboratory of viral hepatitis, Professor of the Department of Microbiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор РАН, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных гепатитов, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусных гепатитов, профессор кафедры микробиологии</p></bio><email>karen-kyuregyan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>Vasiliy G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>Василий Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор</p></bio><email>crie@pcr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6636-6801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>Mikhail I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>Михаил Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSc, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher of the laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral hepatitis, Head of the laboratory of viral hepatitis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, академик РАН, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных гепатитов, заведующий лабораторией вирусных гепатитов</p></bio><email>michmich2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Amur state medical Academy of the Ministry of Public Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Амурская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Veterinary Administration of the Amur Region</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Управление Ветеринарии Амурской области</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Rospotrebnadzor for the Amur Region</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Управление Роспотребнадзора по Амурской области</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>391</fpage><lpage>402</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-17"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Kichatova V.S., Zotova A.V., Potemkin I.A., Lopatukhina M.A., Mobarhan F.A., Malinnikova E.Y., Samokhvalov S.V., Kurganova O.P., Kyuregyan K.K., Akimkin V.G., Mikhailov M.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Кичатова В.С., Зотова А.В., Потемкин И.А., Лопатухина М.А., Асади Мобархан Ф.А., Малинникова Е.Ю., Самохвалов С.В., Курганова О.П., Кюрегян К.К., Акимкин В.Г., Михайлов М.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kichatova V.S., Zotova A.V., Potemkin I.A., Lopatukhina M.A., Mobarhan F.A., Malinnikova E.Y., Samokhvalov S.V., Kurganova O.P., Kyuregyan K.K., Akimkin V.G., Mikhailov M.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кичатова В.С., Зотова А.В., Потемкин И.А., Лопатухина М.А., Асади Мобархан Ф.А., Малинникова Е.Ю., Самохвалов С.В., Курганова О.П., Кюрегян К.К., Акимкин В.Г., Михайлов М.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16907">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16907</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The Amur Region (AR) is a territory with developed pig farming and traditional reindeer herding, which creates potential risks for transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) zoonotic genotypes. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of anti-HEV antibody prevalence among AR residents with different levels of zoonotic risk of HEV infection (living in areas with developed pig farming and traditional reindeer herding), as well as among pig and reindeer (<italic>Rangifer tarandus</italic>) populations.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A total of 1114 serum samples from conditionally healthy volunteers of three groups were tested for anti-HEV antibodies using ELISA: residents of settlement No. 1 at the pig-breeding complex (<italic>n </italic>= 90), residents of settlement No. 2 engaged in traditional reindeer herding (<italic>n </italic>= 102), and residents of other areas of the AR (<italic>n </italic>= 922). Blood sera from pigs (<italic>n </italic>= 197) and reindeer (<italic>n </italic>= 97) were also tested for anti-HEV antibodies in ELISA with a species-specific conjugate. HEV RNA detection was performed in the reindeer blood sera and swine fecal samples using nested PCR and real-time PCR. Risk factors were assessed using the binary logistic regression method.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Anti-HEV IgG antibody detection rate among residents of Settlement No. 1 was 14.4%, significantly higher compared to residents of Settlement No. 2 (3.9%) and other regions of the AR (3.8%). The independent predictors of HEV seropositivity were residence in Settlement No. 1 (OR = 6.32) and age (OR = 1.06). The detection rates of anti-HEV IgG antibody were 96.4% among pigs and 92.8% among reindeer. Despite the high seroprevalence among reindeer, reindeer herders and their family members were not a risk group for HEV infection (OR = 0.8). No HEV RNA was detected in animal samples.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The HEV seroprevalence rate detected among the population of the AR corresponds to the Russian average level. Pig farm workers and their family members are at increased risk of HEV infection, which justifies the need to develop preventive measures for this group. The high seroprevalence among reindeer requires further molecular research to clarify their role as a zoonotic reservoir of HEV infection.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Амурская область (АО) – регион развитого свиноводства и традиционного оленеводства, что создает потенциальные риски передачи зоонозных генотипов вируса гепатита Е (ВГЕ).</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Провести сравнительный анализ распространенности анти-ВГЕ среди жителей АО с разным уровнем зоонозного риска инфицирования ВГЕ (проживающих в районах развитого свиноводства и традиционного оленеводства), а также среди поголовья свиней и северных оленей (<italic>Rangifer tarandus</italic>).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>На наличие анти-ВГЕ методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) обследовано 1114 образцов сыворотки крови от условно здорового населения трех групп: жители поселения № 1 при свиноводческом комплексе (<italic>n</italic> = 90), жители поселения № 2, занимающиеся традиционным оленеводством (<italic>n</italic> = 102), и жители прочих районов АО (<italic>n</italic> = 922). Также методом ИФА с применением видоспецифичного конъюгата протестированы сыворотки крови свиней (<italic>n</italic> = 197) и северных оленей (<italic>n</italic> = 97). В образцах сыворотки крови оленей и фекалий свиней был проведен поиск РНК ВГЕ методом гнездовой полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) и ПЦР в реальном времени. Факторы риска оценивали с помощью метода бинарной логистической регрессии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Распространенность анти-ВГЕ IgG среди жителей поселения № 1 составила 14,4%, что достоверно выше, чем в группе жителей поселения № 2 (3,9%) и прочих регионов АО (3,8%). Проживание в поселении № 1 (ОШ = 6,32) и возраст (ОШ = 1,06) были независимыми предикторами серопозитивности. Частота выявления анти-ВГЕ IgG составила 96,4% среди свиней и 92,8% среди северных оленей. Несмотря на высокую серопревалентность среди оленей, оленеводы и члены их семей не являлись группой риска в отношении ВГЕ-инфекции (ОШ = 0,8). РНК ВГЕ среди образцов животных выявлена не была.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Выявленный среди населения АО уровень серопревалентности ВГЕ соответствует среднероссийскому показателю. Сотрудники свиноферм и члены их семей подвержены повышенному риску инфицирования ВГЕ, что обосновывает необходимость разработки профилактических мер в данной группе. Высокая серопревалентность среди северных оленей требует дальнейшего молекулярно-генетического исследования для уточнения их роли как зоонозного резервуара ВГЕ-инфекции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatitis E virus</kwd><kwd>zoonotic infection</kwd><kwd>pigs</kwd><kwd>reindeer</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус гепатита Е</kwd><kwd>зоонозная инфекция</kwd><kwd>свиньи</kwd><kwd>северные олени</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Dalton H.R., Bendall R., Ijaz S., Banks M. 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