Problems of VirologyProblems of VirologyВопросы вирусологии0507-40882411-2097Central Research Institute for Epidemiology1689710.36233/0507-4088-411rojchkREVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleIn vitro and in vivo laboratory models for Orthopoxviruses (Poxviridae: Orthopoxvirus): current approaches, limitations, and future perspectivesЛабораторные модели in vitro и in vivo для ортопоксвирусов (Poxviridae: Orthopoxvirus): современные подходы, ограничения и перспективыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9203-2189KilibayevSanat S.КилибаевСанат Серикович
Kazakhstan

PhD, Head of the Microorganism Collection Laboratory

PhD, заведующий лабораторией Коллекции микроорганизмов

s.kilibayev@biosafety.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6565-082XTuyskanovaMoldir S.ТуыскановаМолдир Сержанкызы
Kazakhstan

PhD, Researcher, Microorganism Collection Laboratory

PhD, научный сотрудник лаборатории Коллекции микроорганизмов

m.serzhankyzy@biosafety.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-7604AzanbekovaMoldyr A.АзанбековаМолдир Абдильдаевна
Kazakhstan

PhD, Senior Researcher, Microorganism Collection Laboratory

PhD, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории Коллекции микроорганизмов

azanbekova.m@biosafety.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4238-5116ZhugunissovKuandyk D.ЖугунисовКуандык Даулетбаевич
Kazakhstan

PhD, Director General

PhD, генеральный директор

k.zhugunisov@biosafety.kzResearch Institute for Biological Safety ProblemsТОО «Научно-исследовательский институт проблем биологической безопасности»1709202671432033529052026Copyright ©; 2026, Kilibayev S.S., Tuyskanova M.S., Azanbekova M.A., Zhugunissov K.D.Copyright ©; 2026, Килибаев С.С., Туысканова М.С., Азанбекова М.А., Жугунисов К.Д.2026Kilibayev S.S., Tuyskanova M.S., Azanbekova M.A., Zhugunissov K.D.Килибаев С.С., Туысканова М.С., Азанбекова М.А., Жугунисов К.Д.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16897

The article presents a review of modern experimental models used for the study of orthopoxvirus infections. The biological characteristics and pathogenesis of orthopoxviruses are discussed, including mechanisms of replication, immune evasion, and interspecies transmission. Particular attention is paid to the relevance of these studies in connection with the increasing incidence of zoonotic infections caused by monkeypox virus, camelpox virus, cowpox virus, and other representatives of the genus Orthopoxvirus. An analysis of current in vitro and in vivo models used to investigate viral pathogenesis, replication, evaluation of antiviral drugs, and vaccine development is provided. The cultural properties of various orthopoxviruses in Vero, RK-13, CV-1, HaCaT, and other cell lines are described. The advantages and limitations of models involving primates, mice, rabbits, prairie dogs, and alternative reservoir species are considered. It is shown that the combined use of in vitro and in vivo systems represents the most effective approach for studying orthopoxvirus infections, developing vaccines and antiviral agents, and assessing potential epidemiological risks.

В статье представлен обзор современных экспериментальных моделей, применяемых для изучения ортопоксвирусных инфекций. Рассмотрены биологические особенности и патогенез ортопоксвирусов, включая механизмы репликации, иммунного уклонения и межвидовой передачи. Особое внимание уделено актуальности исследований в связи с ростом числа зоонозных инфекций, вызванных вирусом оспы обезьян, оспы верблюдов, коровьей оспы и другими представителями рода Orthopoxvirus. Проведен анализ современных моделей in vitro и in vivo, используемых для изучения патогенеза, репродукции вирусов, оценки противовирусных препаратов и разработки вакцин. Описаны культуральные свойства разных ортопоксвирусов на клеточных линиях Vero, RK-13, CV-1, HaCaT и др. Рассмотрены преимущества и ограничения моделей на приматах, мышах, кроликах, луговых собачках и альтернативных резервуарных видах. Показано, что комбинированное применение in vitro и in vivo систем является наиболее эффективным подходом для изучения ортопоксвирусных инфекций, разработки вакцин и противовирусных средств, а также оценки потенциальных эпидемиологических рисков.

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