Problems of VirologyProblems of VirologyВопросы вирусологии0507-40882411-2097Central Research Institute for Epidemiology1685310.36233/0507-4088-367nmyakhREVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleAdeno-associated viruses: their impact in the human health and role in the modern healthcareАденоассоциированные вирусы: влияние на здоровье человека и роль в современном здравоохраненииhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-1143-7339UlanovaEkaterina A.УлановаЕкатерина Анатольевна
Russian Federation

Junior Research Fellow of Research Department of Viral Hepatitis and Liver Diseases

младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела вирусных гепатитов и заболеваний печени

chuhnina_ekaterina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4509-53529914-9205GreshnyakovaVera A.ГрешняковаВера Александровна
Russian Federation

PhD, Head of the Research Department of Viral Hepatitis and Liver Diseases; Associate Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases in Children of Faculty of Postgraduate and Additional Professional Education; Associate Professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases

канд. мед. наук, руководитель научно-исследовательского отдела вирусных гепатитов и заболеваний печени; доцент кафедры инфекционных заболеваний у детей факультета послевузовского и дополнительного профессионального образования; доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней медицинского института

veramamayeva@gmail.comFederal Research and Clinical Center for Infectious DiseasesФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней» ФМБА РоссииSt. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииSt. Petersburg State UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»3006202671323224303022026Copyright ©; 2026, Ulanova E.A., Greshnyakova V.A.Copyright ©; 2026, Уланова Е.А., Грешнякова В.А.2026Ulanova E.A., Greshnyakova V.A.Уланова Е.А., Грешнякова В.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16853

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are microorganisms capable of replicating in host cells only in the presence of a helper virus. Despite their defective nature, they exhibit broad tropism for various organs and have a ubiquitous distribution. There are no definitive data on the effects of these viruses on the human body under conditions of natural infection. For a long time, AAVs were considered nonpathogenic, even in immunocompromised individuals, which led to their use as vectors in gene therapy. Currently, evidence exists for both neutral interactions between AAVs and the human host, as well as for pathogenic and protective roles of these viruses. A growing body of evidence describes the involvement of AAVs in the oncogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma, the development of hepatitis, including cases associated with gene therapy, and an increased risk of male infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and spontaneous abortions. At the same time, beneficial effects on human health have also been reported, including the prevention of cervical cancer through suppression of human papillomavirus replication.

The aim of this review is to presents data on the diverse effects of AAVs on human health, with a focus on the natural history of AAV infection.

Аденоассоциированные вирусы (ААВ) – это микроорганизмы, способные к размножению в клетках организма-хозяина только в присутствии вируса-помощника. Несмотря на свою «дефектность», они обладают широкой тропностью к разным органам, а их распространенность носит убиквитарный характер. Точных данных о влиянии данных вирусов на организм человека в условиях естественного инфицирования нет. Долгое время ААВ рассматривались как апатогенные даже у лиц с иммунодефицитными состояниями, благодаря чему стали использоваться в качестве вектора в генной терапии. На сегодняшний день имеются свидетельства как нейтрального взаимодействия ААВ и организма человека, так и патогенного влияния и протективной роли вирусов. Накапливается все больше данных, описывающих роль ААВ в онкогенезе гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы, развитии гепатитов, в том числе вследствие генной терапии, в повышении риска мужского бесплодия, неблагоприятного течения беременности и самопроизвольных абортов. В то же время описывается и их положительное влияние на здоровье, предупреждающее развитие рака шейки матки за счет подавления репликации вируса папилломы человека.

Цель обзора – привести данные о разностороннем влиянии ААВ на здоровье человека с фокусом на естественное течение ААВ-инфекции.

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