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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16836</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-361</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">lfwfvd</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Rapid differentiation of genotype I and new recombinant variant of African swine fever virus (<italic>Asfarviridae</italic>: <italic>Asfivirus</italic>) using real-time PCR</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оперативная дифференциация I генотипа и нового рекомбинантного варианта вируса африканской чумы свиней (<italic>Asfarviridae</italic>: <italic>Asfivirus</italic>) с использованием ПЦР в режиме реального времени</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-7161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyshev</surname><given-names>Roman S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернышев</surname><given-names>Роман Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Research Assistant, Reference Laboratory for ASF</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, младший научный сотрудник референтной лаборатории по африканской чуме свиней</p></bio><email>chernishev_rs@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0955-9586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Elizaveta O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Елизавета Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduated student, biologist, Reference Laboratory for ASF</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, биолог референтной лаборатории по африканской чуме свиней</p></bio><email>morozova_eo@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0801-2394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadchikova</surname><given-names>Anastasia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садчикова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduated student, veterinarian, Reference Laboratory for ASF</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, ветеринарный врач референтной лаборатории по африканской чуме свиней</p></bio><email>sadchikova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4465-0179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseenko</surname><given-names>Danila S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеенко</surname><given-names>Данила Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduated student, veterinarian, Reference Laboratory for ASF</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, ветеринарный врач референтной лаборатории по африканской чуме свиней</p></bio><email>moiseenko_ds@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5438-8026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Igolkin</surname><given-names>Alexey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иголкин</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Vet.), Deputy Head of the Laboratory and Diagnosis Center – Head of Reference Laboratory for ASF</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. вет. наук, заместитель руководителя лабораторно-диагностического центра – заведующий референтной лабораторией по африканской чуме свиней</p></bio><email>igolkin_as@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Centre for Animal Health (ARRIAH)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>150</fpage><lpage>161</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-01"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Chernyshev R.S., Morozova E.O., Sadchikova A.S., Moiseenko D.S., Igolkin A.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Чернышев Р.С., Морозова Е.О., Садчикова А.С., Моисеенко Д.С., Иголкин А.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernyshev R.S., Morozova E.O., Sadchikova A.S., Moiseenko D.S., Igolkin A.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чернышев Р.С., Морозова Е.О., Садчикова А.С., Моисеенко Д.С., Иголкин А.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16836">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16836</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The identification of I/II genotype recombinant African swine fever virus (ASFV) in China (2021) and its subsequent introduction to Primorsky region of Russia (2023) is a new challenge in control against ASF. The potential recombinant virus circulation may negate efforts to develop vaccines against ASF, vaccines that are based on genotype II strains) do not provide protection against recombinant virus.</p> <p><bold>The aim</bold> of the study was to develop qPCR for differentiation of genotype I and new recombinant ASFV variant in clinical samples from infected domestic pigs and wild boars.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Samples of viral culture suspensions and biological material from pigs, ASF- free and infected with the recombinant ASFV strain Primorsky 2023/DP-4560 or genotype II strains were used. Positive control sample and standard plasmid were obtained using complex molecular cloning techniques to construct circular and linearized forms of plasmid pJET1.2_IREC.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Primers and a TaqMan probe (modified with LNA, locked linear nucleic acid) were designed to the fragment of <italic>MGF 110-1L</italic> gene (93 bp). The specificity of RT-PCR was enhanced by increasing the annealing temperature to 65°C. Developed method had precision (repeatability (CV = 0.7–1.3%) and reproducibility (CV = 2.76–5.69%), 100% diagnostic specificity, 96% clinical sensitivity, and high linear dynamic range (R<sup>2 </sup>= 99.62) and efficiency (E = 95%). The limit of detection was 7 copies/µL (95% CI: 4–10 copies/µL) or 70 copies/per reaction.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The monoplex RT-PCR has been developed to study the extent of circulation in Russia of atypical variants originating from East Asia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Выявление вируса африканской чумы свиней (АЧС) рекомбинантного варианта I/II генотипов в Китае (2021 г.) и его последующий занос на территорию Приморского края Российской Федерации (2023 г.) являются новыми вызовами в борьбе с болезнью. Потенциальная циркуляция данного варианта может свести на нет усилия по разработке средств специфической профилактики, поскольку известно отсутствие протективности вакцин на основе штаммов II генотипа при контрольном заражении свиней рекомбинантным штаммом вируса АЧС.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>работы – разработать метод полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени (ПЦР-РВ) для оперативной дифференциации вируса АЧС I генотипа и рекомбинантного варианта в различных образцах биологического материала.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Использовали образцы биологического материала от свиней, зараженных рекомбинантным штаммом «ASFV Primorsky 2023/DP-4560.Rec», штаммами II генотипа вируса АЧС и свободных от АЧС; вируссодержащей суспензии культуры клеток. С целью разработки положительного контрольного образца и количественных стандартов получали кольцевую и линеаризованную формы плазмиды pJET1.2_IREC с помощью комплексных методов молекулярного клонирования.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Праймеры и TaqMan-зонд (в модификации LNA – замкнутых нуклеиновых кислот) для гибридизационно-флуоресцентной детекции подобраны к фрагменту гена <italic>MGF 110-1L</italic> (93 н.). Специфичность ПЦР-РВ увеличена за счет повышения температуры отжига праймеров до 65 °С. При валидации установлено, что метод обладает прецизионностью в условиях сходимости (CV = 0,7–1,3%) и воспроизводимости (CV = 2,76–5,69%), 100% диагностической специфичностью и 96% диагностической чувствительностью, линейностью (R<sup>2</sup> = 99,62) и высокой эффективностью (Е = 95%). Предел детекции составил 7 копий/мкл (95% ДИ 4–10 копий/мкл), или 70 копий на реакцию.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Разработан метод моноплексной ПЦР-РВ для изучения масштабов циркуляции на территории России вируса АЧС атипичных вариантов, происходящих из стран Восточной Азии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>African swine fever</kwd><kwd>ASFV</kwd><kwd>genotype I</kwd><kwd>recombinant variant</kwd><kwd>Far East</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>Vietnam</kwd><kwd>PCR-RT</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>африканская чума свиней</kwd><kwd>вирус АЧС</kwd><kwd>I генотип</kwd><kwd>рекомбинантный вариант</kwd><kwd>Дальний Восток</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>Вьетнам</kwd><kwd>ПЦР-РВ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Beltrán-Alcrudo D., Lubroth J., Depner K., de La Rocque S. African swine fever in the Caucasus. 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