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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16826</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-359</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">gfdggl</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Polymorphisms in the <italic>LMP1</italic> gene in patients with gastric cancer associated with Epstein–Barr virus (<italic>Orthoherpesviridae: Gammaherpesvirinae: Lymphocryptovirus: Lymphocryptovirus humangamma 4</italic>)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Полиморфизм гена <italic>LMP1</italic> у больных раком желудка, ассоциированным с вирусом Эпштейна–Барр (<italic>Orthoherpesviridae: Gammaherpesvirinae: Lymphocryptovirus: Lymphocryptovirus humangamma 4</italic>)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0249-4574</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>Alexandra S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Александра Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Biology of Virus-Associated Tumors, Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Laboratory of RNA-Containing Viruses I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории биологии вирус-ассоциированной опухоли, отдела экспериментальной биологии опухоли НИИ экспериментальной онкологии и канцерогенеза ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России; лаборатории РНК-содержащих вирусов ФГБНУ «НИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»</p></bio><email>vasilyevaalex23@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2397-0304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Margusheva</surname><given-names>Alina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маргушева</surname><given-names>Алина Альбертовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Antitumor Drug Therapy No. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант отделения противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии № 2 </p></bio><email>a.margusheva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-2285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Molchanov</surname><given-names>Artem D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молчанов</surname><given-names>Артем Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Biology of Virus-Associated Tumors, Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Carcinogenesis; Postgraduate Student N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории биологии вирус-ассоциированной опухоли, отдела экспериментальной биологии опухоли НИИ экспериментальной онкологии и канцерогенеза; аспирант ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</p></bio><email>m.artem.aug@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4212-5093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rtishchev</surname><given-names>Artem A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ртищев</surname><given-names>Артем Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of RNA-Containing Viruses </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории РНК-содержащих вирусов </p></bio><email>rtishchevartyom@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5803-6263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherepovich</surname><given-names>Bogdan S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черепович</surname><given-names>Богдан Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of RNA-Containing </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории РНК-содержащих вирусов </p></bio><email>bogdancherepovich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4657-382X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Domanskaya</surname><given-names>Valeria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доманская</surname><given-names>Валерия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Biology of Virus-Associated Tumors, Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Carcinogenesis; Student N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь лаборатории биологии вирус-ассоциированной опухоли, отдела экспериментальной биологии опухоли НИИ экспериментальной онкологии и канцерогенеза; студент ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</p></bio><email>vadlab@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-4364</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurtsevich</surname><given-names>Vladimir E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурцевич</surname><given-names>Владимир Эдуардович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chief Scientific Consultant, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Laboratory of Biology of Virus-Associated Tumors, Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Carcinogenesis </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный научный консультант, д-р мед. наук, профессор лаборатории биологии вирус-ассоциированной опухоли, отдела экспериментальной биологии опухоли НИИ экспериментальной онкологии и канцерогенеза </p></bio><email>gurtsevitch-vlad-88@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-977X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>Ksenia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Ксения Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Biology of Virus-Associated Tumors, Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Carcinogenesis </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, заведующая лаборатории биологии вирус-ассоциированной опухоли, отдела экспериментальной биологии опухоли НИИ экспериментальной онкологии и канцерогенеза </p></bio><email>skv.lab@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-12"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Vasilyeva A.S., Margusheva A.A., Molchanov A.D., Rtishchev A.A., Cherepovich B.S., Domanskaya V.A., Gurtsevich V.E., Smirnova K.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Васильева А.С., Маргушева А.А., Молчанов А.Д., Ртищев А.А., Черепович Б.С., Доманская В.А., Гурцевич В.Э., Смирнова К.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilyeva A.S., Margusheva A.A., Molchanov A.D., Rtishchev A.A., Cherepovich B.S., Domanskaya V.A., Gurtsevich V.E., Smirnova K.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильева А.С., Маргушева А.А., Молчанов А.Д., Ртищев А.А., Черепович Б.С., Доманская В.А., Гурцевич В.Э., Смирнова К.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16826">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16826</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread gamma-herpesvirus associated with a number of malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastric cancer (GC/EBV+). The primary oncogenic protein of EBV is latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). Genetic variability of the LMP1 protein affects its oncogenic activity and clinical manifestations.</p> <p><bold>Objective.</bold> To investigate the optimal threshold value for EBV viral load, determine the correlation between high viral load and the detection of the <italic>LMP1</italic> gene in the blood of patients with GC/EBV+, and to identify mutations in the C-terminal domains of the <italic>LMP1</italic> gene that may affect protein function.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Total DNA was extracted from 227 blood samples of GC patients. The <italic>LMP1</italic> gene was amplified using nested PCR. EBV DNA viral load in blood samples was analyzed by qPCR, followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and interquartile range (IQR) assessment. A selection criterion for positive DNA samples (EBV+) was established based on the mean viral load and ROC threshold.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> ROC curve analysis and descriptive statistics identified 23 EBV-positive (EBV+) DNA samples, with the following results: AUC (area under the curve) = 0.83, optimal threshold 526.92 copies/reaction, sensitivity 0.69, specificity 0.87, and mean viral load: 513.5 copies/reaction. A statistically significant association was found between detection of the <italic>LMP1</italic> gene in the blood and viral load level (χ<sup>2</sup> test <italic>p</italic> = 0.018; Mann–Whitney U test <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations were identified in regions of <italic>LMP1</italic> gene coding the C-terminal activating domains (CTAR1 and CTAR2).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The findings highlight the heterogeneous molecular nature of EBV-associated gastric cancer, including genetic mutations in the <italic>LMP1</italic> gene.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Вирус Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ) – широко распространенный гамма-герпесвирус, ассоциированный с рядом злокачественных новообразований, включая рак носоглотки и рак желудка (РЖ/ВЭБ+). Основным онкогенным белком ВЭБ является латентный мембранный белок 1 (LMP1). Генетическая вариабельность белка LMP1 влияет на его онкогенную активность и клинические проявления.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Выяснить оптимальное пороговое значение вирусной нагрузки ВЭБ, определить наличие в образцах крови больных РЖ/ВЭБ+ корреляции между высокой вирусной нагрузкой и амплификацией гена <italic>LMP1</italic>, а также выявить наличие мутаций в C-терминальных доменах гена <italic>LMP1</italic>, способных изменять функции белка.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Исследовали тотальную ДНК, выделенную из 227 образцов крови больных раком желудка. Ген <italic>LMP1</italic> амплифицировали методом гнездовой полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР). Вирусную нагрузку ДНК ВЭБ в образцах крови анализировали методом количественной ПЦР с последующим проведением ROC-анализа (receiver operating characteristic) и расчета интерквартильного размаха (IQR), где на основе среднего значения вирусной нагрузки и ROC-порога был установлен критерий отбора положительных образцов ДНК ВЭБ (ВЭБ+).</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Анализ ROC-кривой и описательной статистики позволил выделить 23 ВЭБ+ образца ДНК на основании результатов:<bold> </bold>AUC (площадь под кривой) = 0,83, оптимального порога 526,92 копии/реакция, чувствительности 0,69, специфичности 0,87 и среднего значения вирусной нагрузки 513,5 копии/реакция. Выявлена статистически значимая связь между амплификацией гена <italic>LMP1</italic> в крови и уровнем вирусной нагрузки (критерий χ² <italic>p</italic> = 0,018; U-критерий Манна–Уитни <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,0001). Кроме того, идентифицированы синонимичные и несинонимичные мутации в C-терминальных активирующих доменах (CTAR1 и CTAR2) белка LMP1.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Полученные результаты указывают на гетерогенную молекулярную природу РЖ/ВЭБ+, включая генетические мутации в <italic>LMP1</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Epstein–Barr virus</kwd><kwd>EBV-associated gastric cancer (GC/EBV+)</kwd><kwd>LMP1 (latent membrane protein 1)</kwd><kwd>malignant tumors</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction (PCR)</kwd><kwd>sequence analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ)</kwd><kwd>ВЭБ-ассоциированный рак желудка (РЖ/ВЭБ+)</kwd><kwd>LMP1 (латентный мембранный белок 1)</kwd><kwd>злокачественные опухоли</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция (ПЦР)</kwd><kwd>сиквенсный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>2026-9</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out with the support of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, project No. 2026-9 "Development of New Approaches to Targeted Degradation of Oncoproteins in Cells of Resistant Neoplasms (2026–2028)".</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, проект №2026-9 «Разработка новых подходов к направленной деградации онкобелков в клетках резистентных новообразований (2026–2028 гг.)».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chen M.R. 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