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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16818</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-339</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">vksbuv</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Bloodborne infections in dental practice: prevalence of markers and phylogenetic analysis of circulating strains</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гемоконтактные инфекции в стоматологической практике: распространенность маркеров и филогенетический анализ циркулирующих штаммов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-8897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Head of the Laboratory of Immunology and Virology HIV Infection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии, зав. лабораторией иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0547-3945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Serikova</surname><given-names>Elena N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серикова</surname><given-names>Елена Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology HIV Infection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p></bio><email>elena.donetsk.serikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-3674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Schemelev</surname><given-names>Alexandr N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щемелев</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology HIV Infection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p></bio><email>tvildorm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1882-529X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anufrieva</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ануфриева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology HIV Infection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p></bio><email>kate.an21@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0579-110X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>Elena B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>Елена Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Biologist at the Department of Diagnostics of HIV Infection and AIDS-Associated Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, биолог отделения диагностики ВИЧ-инфекции и СПИД-ассоциированных заболеваний</p></bio><email>ezueva75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2061-7073</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kreidik</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крейдик</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dentist-surgeon, Аdult dental department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач – стоматолог-хирург взрослого стоматологического отделения</p></bio><email>Kreidik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7196-2595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kusevitskaya</surname><given-names>Marina B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кусевицкая</surname><given-names>Марина Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (in Medicine), obstetrician-gynecologist of the Department of Operative Gynecology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач – акушер-гинеколог отделения оперативной гинекологии</p></bio><email>mbkus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5739-5179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kusevitskiy</surname><given-names>Leonid Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кусевицкий</surname><given-names>Леонид Яковлевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), dentist-orthopedist of the highest qualification category, Professor of prosthodontics and materials science with orthodontics course</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, врач – стоматолог-ортопед высшей квалификационной категории, профессор кафедры стоматологии ортопедической и материаловедения с курсом ортодонтии взрослых</p></bio><email>stomdoc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-8799</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>Areg A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>Арег Артемович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head at the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Director, head Department of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии, директор, заведующий кафедрой иммунологии</p></bio><email>totolian@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State Budgetary Institution of Health «City Polyclinic No. 38»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">СПб ГБУЗ «Городская поликлиника № 38»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State Institution of Health «City Clinical Hospital No. 31»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">СПб ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 31»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">First St. Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>536</fpage><lpage>550</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-18"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Ostankova Y.V., Serikova E.N., Schemelev A.N., Anufrieva E.V., Zueva E.B., Kreidik O.S., Kusevitskaya M.B., Kusevitskiy L.Y., Totolian A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Останкова Ю.В., Серикова Е.Н., Щемелев А.Н., Ануфриева Е.В., Зуева Е.Б., Крейдик О.С., Кусевицкая М.Б., Кусевицкий Л.Я., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostankova Y.V., Serikova E.N., Schemelev A.N., Anufrieva E.V., Zueva E.B., Kreidik O.S., Kusevitskaya M.B., Kusevitskiy L.Y., Totolian A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Останкова Ю.В., Серикова Е.Н., Щемелев А.Н., Ануфриева Е.В., Зуева Е.Б., Крейдик О.С., Кусевицкая М.Б., Кусевицкий Л.Я., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16818">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16818</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses remain among the most dangerous bloodborne pathogens, posing a significant global public health threat.</p> <p>The aim of our work was to assess the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV markers among dental patients and provide a molecular genetic characterization of the identified pathogens.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>We analyzed 497 plasma samples from individuals who sought dental care in St. Petersburg for serological and molecular markers of target infections. Viral genome fragments were sequenced and analyzed when molecular markers were detected.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Anti-HCV were detected in 3.8% (19/497) of participants, with HCV RNA in 1% (5/497). HIV Ag/Ab was found in 1.2% (6/497), with two cases (0.4%, 2/497) confirmed by immunoblot; no HIV RNA was detected. HBsAg prevalence was 2.4% (12/497), with anti-HBs in 32.0% (159/497) and anti-HBc in 25.6% (127/497) of participants. Significant age-related trends were observed: anti-HBs predominated in younger groups while anti-HBc was more frequent in older individuals. HBV DNA was detected in 3.8% (19/497) of cases, including 1.8% (9/497) HBsAg-negative infections. Predominant in the Russian Federation viral genotypes were identified (HCV: 1b, 2a, 3a; HBV: D1, D2, D3). One HCV isolate carried mutations associated with resistance to dasabuvir, sofosbuvir, and voxilaprevir. Multiple HBV isolates harbored concurrent mutations causing diagnostic escape (HBsAg-negative variants), reduced vaccine efficacy, viral reactivation, and disease progression.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>The study reveals high viral hepatitis prevalence among dental patients. Detection of drug-resistant HCV variants and immune-evading HBV strains underscores the need for enhanced molecular surveillance, improved diagnostic protocols, and strengthened infection control measures.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Вирус иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) и вирусы гепатитов В (ВГВ) и С (ВГС) остаются одними из наиболее опасных гемоконтактных инфекций, представляющих серьезную угрозу для глобального здравоохранения.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>исследования – оценить распространенность маркеров ВИЧ-, ВГВ-, ВГС-инфекций среди пациентов стоматологического профиля и дать молекулярно-генетическую характеристику выявленных патогенов.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Исследовали 497 образцов плазмы, полученных от лиц, обратившихся за стоматологической помощью в Санкт-Петербурге, на наличие серологических и молекулярных маркеров целевых инфекций. При выявлении молекулярных маркеров секвенировали и анализировали фрагменты геномов вирусов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты и обсуждение.</bold> Анти-ВГС выявлены у 3,8% (19/497), а РНК ВГС – у 1% (5/497) обследованных, Аг/Ат ВИЧ – у 1,2% (6/497), иммуноблоттингом подтверждены 2 образца (0,4% (2/497) от группы), РНК ВИЧ не выявлена. Выявлены HBsAg у 2,4% (12/497), анти-HBs у 32,0% (159/497), анти-HBcore у 25,6% (127/497) обследованных. Показаны статистически значимые различия в динамике: распространенность анти-HBs выше в младших возрастных группах, тогда как анти-HBcore, напротив, у лиц старшего возраста. В 3,8% (19/497) случаев выявлена ДНК ВГВ, в том числе в 1,8% (9/497) при отсутствии HBsAg. Определены характерные для Российской Федерации генотипы выявленных патогенов (ВГС – 1b, 2a, 3a; ВГВ – D1, D2, D3). В одном из изолятов ВГС выявлены мутации в позициях, связанных с устойчивостью патогена к дасабувиру, софосбувиру и воксилапревиру. Среди изолятов ВГВ представлено значительное количество образцов, содержащих одновременно комплекс мутаций, приводящих к диагностическим ошибкам при выявлении HBsAg, снижению эффективности вакцинопрофилактики, реактивации вируса и прогрессированию заболевания.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Исследование демонстрирует высокую распространенность вирусных гепатитов среди пациентов стоматологического профиля. Выявление резистентных вариантов ВГС и иммуноускользающих штаммов ВГВ подчеркивает необходимость молекулярного мониторинга циркулирующих патогенов, а также усовершенствования диагностических подходов и эпидемиологического контроля.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>risk group</kwd><kwd>dental patients</kwd><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>hepatitis C virus</kwd><kwd>hepatitis B virus</kwd><kwd>occult hepatitis B infection</kwd><kwd>genotypes</kwd><kwd>drug resistance mutations</kwd><kwd>clinically significant mutations</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>группа риска</kwd><kwd>пациенты стоматологического профиля</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>вирус гепатита В</kwd><kwd>вирус гепатита С</kwd><kwd>скрытый гепатит В</kwd><kwd>генотип</kwd><kwd>мутации лекарственной устойчивости</kwd><kwd>клинически значимые мутации</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>869</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Salari N., Kazeminia M., Hemati N., Ammari-Allahyari M., Mohammadi M., Shohaimi S. 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