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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16813</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-351</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">vyskys</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genetic diversity of parechoviruses (<italic>Picornaviridae: Paavivirinae: Parechovirus: Parechovirus ahumpari</italic>) circulating in Nizhny Novgorod in 2021–2024</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетическое разнообразие парэховирусов (<italic>Picornaviridae: Paavivirinae: Parechovirus: Parechovirus ahumpari</italic>), циркулировавших в Нижнем Новгороде в 2021–2024 гг.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3853-9293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>arceo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-1774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selivanova</surname><given-names>Svetlana G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиванова</surname><given-names>Светлана Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>svetafor22@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7679-8029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Epifanova</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Епифанова</surname><given-names>Наталия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>epifanovanv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1033-7347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashnikov</surname><given-names>Alexander Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашников</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>mevirfc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8950-6259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>Наталья Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>natalia.ponomareva.rfc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8064-4476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golitsyna</surname><given-names>Lyudmila N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голицына</surname><given-names>Людмила Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>lyudmila_galitzina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3710-6648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Надежда Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections, Leading Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>novikova_na@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени академика И.Н. Блохиной» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>581</fpage><lpage>588</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-03"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Zverev V.V., Selivanova S.G., Epifanova N.V., Kashnikov A.Y., Ponomareva N.V., Golitsyna L.N., Novikova N.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Зверев В.В., Селиванова С.Г., Епифанова Н.В., Кашников А.Ю., Пономарева Н.В., Голицына Л.Н., Новикова Н.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zverev V.V., Selivanova S.G., Epifanova N.V., Kashnikov A.Y., Ponomareva N.V., Golitsyna L.N., Novikova N.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зверев В.В., Селиванова С.Г., Епифанова Н.В., Кашников А.Ю., Пономарева Н.В., Голицына Л.Н., Новикова Н.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16813">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16813</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Parechoviruses of the <italic>Parechovirus ahumpari</italic> (PeV-A) species, pathogenic to humans, are widespread and genetically diverse infectious agents. Infections caused by these viruses are characterized by a wide variety of clinical manifestations ranging from mild intestinal or respiratory diseases to severe CNS lesions. The high-risk group for the disease are newborns and infants. PeV-A species are classified in 19 types that have a varying distribution in different territories. In Russia, the type composition of territorial parechovirus populations has not been sufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of monitoring the circulation of these viruses using genotyping.</p> <p><bold>The aim</bold> of the study was to identify and investigate the genetic diversity of parechoviruses that circulated in Nizhny Novgorod in the period 2021–2024.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> 5,073 stool samples from children hospitalized in an infectious hospital with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis were examined for the presence of human parechoviruses. The detection of parechoviruses was carried out by RT-PCR. Viral types were determined by Sanger sequencing of VP1 genome fragment. The nucleotide sequences were analyzed using MEGA X and Beast v1.8.4 software.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Parechoviruses were detected in children aged 3 months to 17 years with a frequency of 0.06–2.08% in different years, an average of 1.46 ± 0.16%. Viral type has been identified for 52 strains. Six types of PeV-A parechoviruses have been identified. The PeV-A1 was a predominant type (80.4%). Types PeV-A2 to PeV-A6 have been found in isolated cases. Heterogeneity of the PeV-A1 population in Nizhny Novgorod was represented by virus genotypes 1A and 1B, with an absolute predominance of genotype 1B, which included 16 genetic variants.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The data obtained expand information on the type and genetic diversity of pathogenic for humans parechoviruses circulating among the population of central Russia (based the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Парэховирусы вида <italic>Parechovirus ahumpari<bold> </bold></italic>(PeV-A), патогенные для человека, являются широко распространенными в мире и генетически разнообразными инфекционными агентами. Вызываемая вирусами инфекция характеризуется полиморфизмом клинических проявлений – от легких кишечных или респираторных заболеваний до тяжелых поражений ЦНС. Основной группой риска по заболеванию являются новорожденные и дети первых лет жизни. Внутри вида PeV-A классифицировано 19 типов, распределение которых варьирует на разных территориях. В России типовой состав территориальных парэховирусных популяций изучен недостаточно, что определяет актуальность мониторинга циркуляции этих вирусов с использованием генотипирования.</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>исследования – идентификация и изучение генетического разнообразия парэховирусов, циркулировавших в Нижнем Новгороде в период 2021–2024 гг.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> На наличие парэховирусов человека исследовано 5073 образца фекалий детей, госпитализированных в инфекционный стационар с острой кишечной инфекцией (ОКИ). Выявление парэховирусов проводили методом полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией. Тип вируса определяли методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру фрагмента области VP1 генома. Нуклеотидные последовательности анализировали с использованием программного обеспечения MEGA X и Beast v. 1.8.4.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Парэховирусы обнаруживали у детей от 3 мес до 17 лет с частотой 0,06–2,08% в разные годы (в среднем – 1,46 ± 0,16%). Тип вируса был установлен для 52 штаммов. Идентифицированы парэховирусы вида PeV-A 6 типов. Доминирующее положение занял тип PeV-A1 (80,4%). Парэховирусы типов PeV-A2–PeV-A6 выявлены в единичных случаях. Установлена гетерогенность нижегородской популяции парэховирусов PeV-A1, которая представлена вирусами двух генотипов – 1A и 1B, с абсолютным преобладанием генотипа 1В, включавшего 16 геновариантов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Полученные данные расширяют информацию о типовом и генетическом разнообразии патогенных для человека парэховирусов, циркулирующих среди населения средней полосы России (на примере Нижнего Новгорода).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>parechovirus</kwd><kwd>molecular diagnostics</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>парэховирус</kwd><kwd>молекулярная диагностика</kwd><kwd>мониторинг</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Hyypiä T., Horsnell C., Maaronen M., Khan M., Kalkkinen N., Auvinen P., et al. 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