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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16797</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-342</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">wgozzc</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genotypic diversity of the varicella-zoster virus (<italic>Herpesviridae: Varicellovirus</italic>) and human gene variants as risk factors for severe disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генотипическое разнообразие вируса ветряной оспы (<italic>Herpesviridae: Varicellovirus</italic>) и варианты генов человека как факторы риска тяжелого течения болезни</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5154-2315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherkasova</surname><given-names>Polina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черкасова</surname><given-names>Полина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Department for Experimental Medical Virology, Molecular Genetics and Biobanking</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник НИО экспериментальной медицинской вирусологии, молекулярной генетики и биобанкинга</p></bio><email>cherkasovapv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4310-9741</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Igolkina</surname><given-names>Aleksandra A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иголкина</surname><given-names>Александра Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher, Department for Experimental Medical Virology, Molecular Genetics and Biobanking</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник НИО экспериментальной медицинской вирусологии, молекулярной генетики и биобанкинга</p></bio><email>gribanovaalal@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0461-9601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilkova</surname><given-names>Alina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василькова</surname><given-names>Алина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>laboratory research assistant, Department for Experimental Medical Virology, Molecular Genetics and Biobanking</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь НИО экспериментальной медицинской вирусологии, молекулярной генетики и биобанкинга</p></bio><email>mock.al@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0091-2224</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glotov</surname><given-names>Oleg S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глотов</surname><given-names>Олег Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences in Biology, Head of the Department of Experimental Medical Virology, Molecular Genetics and Biobanking</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, заведующий НИО экспериментальной медицинской вирусологии, молекулярной генетики и биобанкинга</p></bio><email>olglotov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3285-9699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goleva</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голева</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior Scientist, Department for Experimental Medical Virology, Molecular Genetics and Biobanking</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник НИО экспериментальной медицинской вирусологии, молекулярнойгенетики и биобанкинга</p></bio><email>golev.ao@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>508</fpage><lpage>517</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-21"><day>21</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Cherkasova P.V., Igolkina A.A., Vasilkova A.V., Glotov O.S., Goleva O.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Черкасова П.В., Иголкина А.А., Василькова А.В., Глотов О.С., Голева О.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cherkasova P.V., Igolkina A.A., Vasilkova A.V., Glotov O.S., Goleva O.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черкасова П.В., Иголкина А.А., Василькова А.В., Глотов О.С., Голева О.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16797">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16797</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Severe disease progression, including secondary bacterial infections and sepsis, can occur both during initial infection with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and its reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. This remains a fairly common problem. However, in most cases, the disease proceeds without complications. In Russia and abroad, varicella is among the most common infectious causes of central nervous system involvement. The most frequent serious complications are skin lesions and associated bacterial infections. The exact causes of these conditions are still not fully understood. Therefore, there is ongoing debate about the possible role of certain viral clades or genetic polymorphisms in patients. This review describes inter-clade differences among viral genotypes, their origins, ability to recombine, clinical cases of infection caused by representatives of different clades, data on their circulation, mechanisms of immune evasion and human candidate genes potentially associated with VZV-related complications. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, and the eLIBRARY.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Тяжелое течение болезни, в том числе с присоединившейся вторичной бактериальной инфекцией и сепсисом, при заражении вирусом ветряной оспы (вирус Varicella Zoster, варицелла-зостер, ВВЗ) и его реактивации в форме опоясывающего герпеса (опоясывающего лишая) – довольно распространенная проблема. Чаще всего заболевание протекает без осложнений. Как в России, так и за рубежом ветряная оспа занимает лидирующие позиции по распространенности среди инфекционных причин развития поражения ЦНС; наиболее частыми тяжелыми осложнениями считаются кожные поражения и сочетанные бактериальные инфекции. До сих пор точно не установлены причины развития данных состояний, поэтому дискутабельными остаются предположения о роли принадлежности вируса к разным кладам или наличие полиморфизмов в геноме пациентов. В обзоре описаны межкладовые различия вирусных генотипов, их происхождение, способность к рекомбинации, клинические случаи заражения представителями разных клад, данные об их циркуляции, механизмы уклонения от иммунного надзора, а также рассмотрены человеческие гены-кандидаты, потенциально связанные с развитием ВВЗ-опосредованных поражений. При поиске литературы использованы базы данных PubMed, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka и eLIBRARY.RU.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Varicella-zoster virus</kwd><kwd>severe disease course</kwd><kwd>central nervous system involvement</kwd><kwd>herpes zoster</kwd><kwd>sepsis</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>human genes</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус ветряной оспы</kwd><kwd>тяжелое течение болезни</kwd><kwd>поражения ЦНС</kwd><kwd>опоясывающий герпес</kwd><kwd>сепсис</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>гены человека</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shul’zhenko A.E., Shchubelko R.V., Zuikova I.N. Herpesvirus Infections: A Modern Perspective on the Problem [Gerpesvirusnye infektsii: sovremennyi vzglyad na problem]. 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