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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16764</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-235</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">amzvmr</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Endothelial protective properties of sacubitril-valsartan and drotaverine in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection (<italic>Orthomyxoviridae</italic>: <italic>Alphainfluenzavirus</italic>: <italic>influenza A virus</italic>)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эндотелиопротективные свойства сакубитрил-валсартана и дротаверина в экспериментальной инфекции, вызванной вирусом гриппа A(H1N1)pdm09 (<italic>Orthomyxoviridae</italic>: <italic>Alphainfluenzavirus</italic>: <italic>influenza A virus</italic>)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-3157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph. D. in medicine, Associate Professor of Medical Microbiology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры медицинской микробиологии</p></bio><email>vmarcenco@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelinskaya</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зелинская</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher of Laboratory of Bioprosthetics and Cardiac Protection, Institute of Experimental Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории биопротезирования и кардиопротекции Института экспериментальной медицины</p></bio><email>irina.selinskaja@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7109-1187</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhametdinova</surname><given-names>Darya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухаметдинова</surname><given-names>Дарья Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Assistant of Experimental Pathomorphology Group, Institute of Experimental Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь научно-исследовательской группы экспериментальной патоморфологии Института экспериментальной медицины</p></bio><email>mukh.dv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1629-7868</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Toropova</surname><given-names>Yana G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торопова</surname><given-names>Яна Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sc. D., Head of Laboratory of Bioprosthetics and Cardiac Protection, Institute of Experimental Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, зав. научно-исследовательской лабораторией биопротезирования и кардиопротекции Института экспериментальной медицины</p></bio><email>yana.toropova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-9944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galagudza</surname><given-names>Michael M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галагудза</surname><given-names>Михаил Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Sc. D., Professor and Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute of Experimental Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, директор Института экспериментальной медицины</p></bio><email>galagoudza@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0084-1323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilinskaya</surname><given-names>Irina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жилинская</surname><given-names>Ирина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sc. D., Professor of Medical Microbiology Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор кафедры медицинской микробиологии</p></bio><email>s_zhilinskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University Named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Russian Ministry of Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>349</fpage><lpage>362</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Marchenko V.A., Zelinskaya I.A., Mukhametdinova D.V., Toropova Y.G., Galagudza M.M., Zhilinskaya I.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Марченко В.А., Зелинская И.А., Мухаметдинова Д.В., Торопова Я.Г., Галагудза М.М., Жилинская И.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Marchenko V.A., Zelinskaya I.A., Mukhametdinova D.V., Toropova Y.G., Galagudza M.M., Zhilinskaya I.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марченко В.А., Зелинская И.А., Мухаметдинова Д.В., Торопова Я.Г., Галагудза М.М., Жилинская И.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16764">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16764</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Severe influenza is characterized by damage and morphofunctional changes of the endothelium of blood vessels, which contributes to the development of hemorrhagic syndrome and can cause endothelial dysfunction. To optimize the pathogenetic therapy of influenza infection, a screening of medications with endothelial protective properties was carried out.</p> <p><bold>Aim. </bold>The aim of the study was to evaluate the endothelial protective properties of sacubitril/valsartan and drotaverine in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study was conducted on Wistar rats, which received sacubitril/valsartan and drotaverine (in treatment and prophylactic regimen) followed by intransal infection with influenza A/Saint-Petersburg/48/16 (H1N1)pdm09 virus. Rats without drug administration were included in the control group; rats received no medications followed by influenza virus infection – in challenge control group. The virus infectious activity was determined in pulmonary and mesenteric tissues. Vascular endothelium damage in lungs was assessed by three parameters (desquamation, morphological and dystrophic changes). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression level in endothelium of mesenteric blood vessels was determined as well as mesenteric arteries vasomotor activity.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Drotaverine reduces the severity of histopathological changes in the pulmonary vascular endothelium; increases the maximal response of mesenteric blood vessels to acetylcholine compared to the infection control group; normalizes eNOS expression levels. Sacubitril/valsartan reduces the severity of desquamation in the pulmonary vascular endothelium; normalizes the response of mesenteric blood vessels to acetylcholine, while eNOS expression is decreased.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Drotaverine possesses more significant endothelial protective properties than sacubitril/valsartan when used in a treatment and prophylactic regimen in rats infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> При тяжелом течении гриппа возникают поражение и изменения морфофункциональных свойств клеток эндотелия кровеносных сосудов, что обуславливает развитие геморрагического синдрома и может стать причиной эндотелиальной дисфункции. С целью оптимизации патогенетической терапии гриппа проведен скрининг препаратов с эндотелиопротективными свойствами.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Исследование эндотелиопротективных свойств сакубитрил-валсартана и дротаверина в экспериментальной инфекции, вызванной вирусом гриппа (ВГ) A(H1N1)pdm09.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Исследование проведено на крысах стока Wistar, получавших внутрижелудочно валсартан-сакубитрил и дротаверин (в лечебно-профилактической схеме), с последующим интраназальным инфицированием ВГ A/СПб/48/16 (H1N1)pdm09. В качестве интактного контроля использовали крыс без введения препаратов; в качестве контроля заражения – животных, не получавших препараты, с последующим инфицированием ВГ. У крыс определяли титр ВГ в легких и брыжейке, оценивали степень поражения сосудистого эндотелия легких по трем параметрам: десквамация, изменение морфологии и дистрофические изменения; определяли уровень экспрессии эндотелиальной синтазы оксида азота (eNOS) в эндотелии кровеносных сосудов брыжейки, а также исследовали вазомоторную активность кровеносных сосудов брыжейки.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Применение дротаверина снижает выраженность гистопатологических изменений со стороны сосудистого эндотелия легких крыс; повышает максимальный ответ кровеносных сосудов брыжейки на ацетилхолин по сравнению с группой контроля заражения; нормализует уровень экспрессии eNOS. Сакубитрил-валсартан снижает выраженность десквамации со стороны сосудистого эндотелия легких; нормализует ответ кровеносных сосудов брыжейки на ацетилхолин, но не позволяет нормализовать экспрессию eNOS.</p> <p><bold>Выводы. </bold>Дротаверин обладает более выраженной эндотелиопротективной активностью, чем сакубитрил-валсартан при их применении в лечебно-профилактической схеме у крыс, инфицированных ВГ A(H1N1)pdm09.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Wistar rats</kwd><kwd>influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus</kwd><kwd>endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)</kwd><kwd>histology</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>wire myography</kwd><kwd>sacubitril/valsartan</kwd><kwd>drotaverine</kwd><kwd>endothelial protective activity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крысы стока Wistar</kwd><kwd>вирус гриппа А(H1N1)pdm09</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальная синтаза оксида азота (eNOS)</kwd><kwd>гистология</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>проволочная миография</kwd><kwd>сакубитрил-валсартан</kwd><kwd>дротаверин</kwd><kwd>эндотелиопротективная активность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>056-00117-21-00</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>WHO. 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