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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16739</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-311</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">peagdt</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunological properties of a chimeric protein containing the major capsid protein of echovirus 30 (Picornaviridae: <italic>Enterovirus: Enterovirus betacoxsackie</italic>)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунологические свойства химерного белка, содержащего основной капсидный белок echovirus 30 (Picornaviridae: <italic>Enterovirus: Enterovirus betacoxsackie</italic>)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2441-6874</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melentev</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелентьев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, laboratory of immunochemistry </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунохимии </p></bio><email>dim-melente@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7049-6935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Leading Researcher, laboratory of immunochemistry </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунохимии </p></bio><email>novikov.dv75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9742-7646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokhonova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мохонова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, laboratory of immunochemistry </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунохимии </p></bio><email>ekaterinamohonova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3710-6648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Надежда Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci., Professor, Leading Researcher, Head of the laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral infections </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций </p></bio><email>novikova_na@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1033-7347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashnikov</surname><given-names>Alexander Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашников</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral infections </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций </p></bio><email>mevirfc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-1774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selivanova</surname><given-names>Svetlana G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиванова</surname><given-names>Светлана Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Senior researcher, laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral infections </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>svetafor22@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8064-4476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golitsyna</surname><given-names>Lyudmila N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голицына</surname><given-names>Людмила Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Leading Researcher, laboratory of molecular epidemiology of viral infections </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций </p></bio><email>lyudmila_galitzina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-5722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapin</surname><given-names>Vladislav A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапин</surname><given-names>Владислав Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, laboratory of immunochemistry </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунохимии </p></bio><email>fridens.95@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2811-6844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyganova</surname><given-names>Maria I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганова</surname><given-names>Мария Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Leading Researcher, laboratory of immunochemistry </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунохимии </p></bio><email>maria_che@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-6924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitsev</surname><given-names>Dmitry E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lab Assistant, laboratory of immunochemistry </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший лаборант лаборатории иммунохимии </p></bio><email>mitya.zaitseff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-7213</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>Viktor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>Виктор Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci., Professor, Leading Researcher, Head of the laboratory of immunochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией иммунохимии </p></bio><email>mbre@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Нижегородский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. академика И.Н. Блохиной» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека (Роспотребнадзор)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>189</fpage><lpage>198</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-22"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Melentev D.A., Novikov D.V., Mokhonova E.V., Novikova N.A., Kashnikov A.Y., Selivanova S.G., Golitsyna L.N., Lapin V.A., Tsyganova M.I., Zaitsev D.E., Novikov V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Мелентьев Д.А., Новиков Д.В., Мохонова Е.В., Новикова Н.А., Кашников А.Ю., Селиванова С.Г., Голицына Л.Н., Лапин В.А., Цыганова М.И., Зайцев Д.Е., Новиков В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melentev D.A., Novikov D.V., Mokhonova E.V., Novikova N.A., Kashnikov A.Y., Selivanova S.G., Golitsyna L.N., Lapin V.A., Tsyganova M.I., Zaitsev D.E., Novikov V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мелентьев Д.А., Новиков Д.В., Мохонова Е.В., Новикова Н.А., Кашников А.Ю., Селиванова С.Г., Голицына Л.Н., Лапин В.А., Цыганова М.И., Зайцев Д.Е., Новиков В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16739">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16739</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Enterovirus infection, widespread in the world and in Russia, is characterized by a variety of clinical forms, one of which is serous meningitis. The most common cause of enterovirus meningitis in children is echovirus 30 (E30). Previously, we obtained a chimeric protein consisting of the S domain of norovirus VP1 protein(S<sub>N</sub>), fused into one molecule with VP1 protein of E30 (S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub>), which in the future can be used to develop a vaccine for the prevention of enterovirus meningitis caused by the E30 virus.</p> <p><bold>The aim</bold> of this work was to study the immunological properties of the S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub> protein.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Balb/c mice and a guinea pig were immunized with the S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub> protein. The production of IgG and IgM antibodies was studied by ELISA. The interaction of antibodies against S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub> with virions of enteroviruses E30 of different genotypes was studied by electron microscopy. The reaction of neutralization of E30 by antibodies was carried out <italic>in vitro </italic>in RD cells.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> In mice immunized with S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub> without adjuvant, the average titers of total antibodies against E30 VP1 protein were 1 : 19,000. The use of adjuvant increased the average titer of antibodies by 3 times. The level of IgM antibodies was significantly lower and amounted to, on average, 1 : 1500. Using immunoelectron microscopy, it was shown that guinea pig antibodies against chimeric S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub> are able to bind virions of E30 genotypes h and eC2. Mouse and guinea pig antibodies were able to neutralize E30 in RD cell line. Neutralizing antibody titers in mice varied from 20 to 40, and were 40 in guinea pigs.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The immunogenicity of S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub> in two animal species and the ability of antibodies to bind and neutralize enterovirus E30 allows us to propose it as an antigen in a vaccine for the prevention of diseases caused by E30.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Энтеровирусная инфекция, широко распространенная в мире и в России, характеризуется разнообразием клинических форм, одной из которых является серозный менингит. Наиболее частой причиной энтеровирусного менингита у детей является вирус echovirus 30 (E30). Ранее нами получен химерный белок, состоящий из S-домена белка VP1 норовируса (S<sub>N</sub>), слитого в одну молекулу с VP1 Е30 (S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub>), который в перспективе может быть использован для разработки вакцины для профилактики энтеровирусного менингита, вызванного вирусом Е30.</p> <p><bold>Целью </bold>настоящей работы явилось изучение иммунологических свойств белка S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub>.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Мышей линии Balb/c и морскую свинку иммунизировали белком S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub>. Продукцию антител класса G (IgG) и M (IgM) исследовали методом иммуноферментного анализа. Взаимодействие антител против S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub> с вирионами энтеровирусов Е30 разных генотипов изучали методом электронной микроскопии. Реакцию нейтрализации Е30 антителами проводили в культуре клеток RD.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>У мышей, иммунизированных S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub> без адъюванта, средние титры суммарных антител против VP1 E30 составили 1 : 19 000. Использование адъюванта повышало средний титр антител в 3 раза. Уровень IgM был значительно ниже и составил в среднем 1 : 1500. С помощью иммуноэлектронной микроскопии показано, что антитела морской свинки против химерного S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub> способны связывать вирионы E30 генотипов h и еС2. Антитела мышей и морской свинки способны нейтрализовать Е30 в культуре клеток RD. У мышей титры нейтрализующих антител варьировали от 20 до 40, у морской свинки составили 40.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Иммуногенность S<sub>N</sub>-VP1<sub>E30</sub> у двух видов животных и способность антител связывать и нейтрализовать энтеровирус Е30 позволяет предложить его в качестве антигена в составе вакцины для профилактики заболеваний, вызванных E30.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>virus-like particles</kwd><kwd>norovirus VP1</kwd><kwd>echovirus 30 VP1</kwd><kwd>chimeric proteins</kwd><kwd>vaccines</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирусоподобные частицы</kwd><kwd>VP1 норовируса</kwd><kwd>VP1 echovirus 30</kwd><kwd>химерные белки</kwd><kwd>вакцины</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственное финансирование</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government funding</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>121091400197-1</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golitsyna L.N., Kashnikova A.D., Polyanina A.V., Zaitseva N.N., Mikhailova Yu.M., Cherepanova E.A. 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