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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16686</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-266</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">zfqkev</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of changes in the genome of the Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (Flaviviridae: <italic>Orthoflavivirus</italic>) during laboratory practices for virus preservation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ изменений в геноме вируса омской геморрагической лихорадки (Flaviviridae: <italic>Orthoflavivirus</italic>) при лабораторных практиках сохранения вируса</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8536-0520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyulko</surname><given-names>Zhanna S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюлько</surname><given-names>Жанна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior researcher, Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections (Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare); assistant professor, State budget educational institution Omsk State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник ФБУН «Омский научно-исследовательский институт природно-очаговых инфекций» Роспотребнадзора; доцент кафедры физики, математики, медицинской информатики ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</p></bio><email>tjs@omsk-osma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3558-3261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fadeev</surname><given-names>Artem V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фадеев</surname><given-names>Артем Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник </p></bio><email>afadeew@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2754-6359</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilenko</surname><given-names>Aleksei G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василенко</surname><given-names>Алексей Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, epidemiologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник, врач-эпидемиолог </p></bio><email>Vasilenko_AG@oniipi.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2046-9872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gradoboeva</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Градобоева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник </p></bio><email>Gradoboeva_EA@oniipi.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9088-3668</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakimenko</surname><given-names>Valerii V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якименко</surname><given-names>Валерий Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head of laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий лабораторией </p></bio><email>vyakimenko78@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-1255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarov</surname><given-names>Andrey B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссаров</surname><given-names>Андрей Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>head of laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий лабораторией </p></bio><email>a.b.komissarov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections (Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Омский научно-исследовательский институт природно-очаговых инфекций» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Omsk State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>509</fpage><lpage>523</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-25"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Tyulko Z.S., Fadeev A.V., Vasilenko A.G., Gradoboeva E.A., Yakimenko V.V., Komissarov A.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Тюлько Ж.С., Фадеев А.В., Василенко А.Г., Градобоева Е.А., Якименко В.В., Комиссаров А.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tyulko Z.S., Fadeev A.V., Vasilenko A.G., Gradoboeva E.A., Yakimenko V.V., Komissarov A.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тюлько Ж.С., Фадеев А.В., Василенко А.Г., Градобоева Е.А., Якименко В.В., Комиссаров А.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16686">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16686</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Omsk hemorrhagic fever (OHF) is a severe disease identified in the 1940s in Western Siberia, Russia. Disease is caused by the OHF virus, which belongs to the genus <italic>Orthoflavivirus</italic>.</p> <p><bold>The purpose of the work.</bold> Analysis of changes in the genome associated with the isolation of OHF virus strains in laboratory animals (<italic>Mus musculus</italic>).</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Whole-genome nucleotide sequences of OHF virus strains from the working collection of the laboratory of arboviral infections of the department of natural focal viral infections of the Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections of Rospotrebnadzor were used in the study, as well as sequences from GenBank. Assessment of adaptive changes in the genome of the OHF virus was carried out using discriminant analysis methods, analyzing the composition and localization of emerging substitutions in viral RNA sequences obtained during the adaptation of viruses to the mouse organism as a result of passaging. Linked nucleotide substitutions were identified by calculating the mutual information for each pair of columns in the array of aligned nucleotide sequences. In the phylogenetic analysis, the relaxed clock algorithm of the BEAST program was used.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>It has been shown that point substitutions during adaptation of OHF viruses to the mouse organism occur in all parts of the genome. Many of these substitutions are included in the pattern of linked substitutions identified in the genome of the OHF virus. Discriminant analysis of differences in nucleotide substitutions for groups combining sequences by the number of passages does not allow reliable discrimination between original sequences obtained from muskrat and sequences from first passages, but it recognizes well sequences from 7 or more passages, which suggests the possibility of adaptive selection of nucleotide substitutions when interacting with the body of a white mouse. Calculation of the average rate of substitutions per site per year without taking into account the occurrence of adaptive and related substitutions gives a value of 10<sup>−5</sup>, which is almost an order of magnitude different from the result when their presence is taken into account ‒ 10<sup>−4</sup>.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Changes in the nucleotide sequences of OHF that occur during laboratory virus preservation practices may influence the evolutionary rate values determined when analyzing these sequences and require further study.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Омская геморрагическая лихорадка (ОГЛ) ‒ тяжелое заболевание, выявленное в России в 1940-х гг. в Западной Сибири. Вызывается вирусом ОГЛ, относящимся к роду <italic>Orthoflavivirus</italic>.</p> <p><bold>Цель работы. </bold>Анализ изменений в геноме, связанных с изоляцией штаммов вируса ОГЛ, на лабораторных животных (белых мышах).</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Использованы полногеномные нуклеотидные последовательности штаммов вируса ОГЛ из рабочей коллекции лаборатории арбовирусных инфекций отдела ПОВИ ФБУН «Омский НИИ природно-очаговых инфекций» Роспотребнадзора, а также последовательности из GenBank. Оценку изменений в геноме вируса ОГЛ осуществляли при помощи методов дискриминантного анализа, анализируя состав и локализацию появляющихся точечных замен в последовательностях вирусной РНК, полученных при адаптации вирусов к организму мыши в результате пассирования. Связанные нуклеотидные замены выявляли при вычислении взаимной информации для каждой пары столбцов в массиве выровненных нуклеотидных последовательностей. При филогенетическом анализе применяли алгоритм нестрогих (ослабленных) часов программы BEAST.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Показано, что точечные замены в случае пассирования в организме мыши возникают во всех частях генома вирусов ОГЛ. Причем многие из них входят в схему связанных замен, выявленную в геноме ОГЛ. Дискриминантный анализ различий в точечных нуклеотидных заменах для групп, объединяющих последовательности по числу пассажей, не позволяет надежно разделять последовательности, полученные из первичного материала (мозга ондатры), и последовательности первых пассажей, но хорошо распознает последовательности, прошедшие 7 и более пассажей, что предполагает возможность адаптивного отбора нуклеотидных замен при взаимодействии с организмом лабораторного хозяина ‒ белой мыши. Расчет средней скорости возникновения замен на сайт в год без учета возникновения адаптационных и связанных замен дает значение 10<sup>−5</sup>, что почти на порядок отличается от результата, учитывающего их наличие ‒ 10<sup>−4</sup>.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Изменения в нуклеотидных последовательностях ОГЛ, которые возникают при лабораторных практиках сохранения вируса, могут влиять на определяемые значения скорости эволюции при анализе этих последовательностей и требуют дальнейшего изучения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus</kwd><kwd>OHF virus adaptation to the mouse organism</kwd><kwd>discriminant analysis</kwd><kwd>linked nucleotide substitutions</kwd><kwd>rate of substitutions occurrence</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус омской геморрагической лихорадки</kwd><kwd>адаптация вируса ОГЛ к организму мыши</kwd><kwd>дискриминантный анализ</kwd><kwd>связанные нуклеотидные замены</kwd><kwd>скорость возникновения замен</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rudakov N.V., Yastrebov V.K., Yakimenko V.V. 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