Problems of VirologyProblems of VirologyВопросы вирусологии0507-40882411-2097Central Research Institute for Epidemiology1664110.36233/0507-4088-236mjyyjwORIGINAL RESEARCHESОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯResearch ArticleElectrolytes, Zinc and Vitamin D3 in COVID-19 Patients with Cardiovascular ComplicationsЭлектролиты, цинк и витамин D3 у пациентов с COVID-19 с сердечно-сосудистыми осложнениямиhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-4693-2579AlKhuzaieAli Abdel-Moneim Mohammed-Hussain
Iraq

Postgraduate Student, Lecturer, Department of Biology

аспирант, лектор, факультет биологии

Medicalresearch11@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8327-5434JabbarEnas Abdul Kareem
Iraq

Dr., Professor, Lecturer

доктор, профессор, лектор

Enaskareemjj0@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5129-7700AlbadryBushra Jabbar
Iraq

Assistant Professor, Head Manager, Faculty of Nursing

ассистент профессора, главный менеджер, факультет сестринского дела

bushra.jh.bio@sci.utq.edu.iqCollege of Science, University of Thi-QarКолледж естественных наук, Университет Ти-КарMinistry of Education, Directorate of EducationМинистерство образования, Управление образованияUniversity of Thi-QarУниверситет Ти-Кар0507202469326627615052024Copyright ©; 2024, AlKhuzaie A.A., Jabbar E.A., Albadry B.J.Copyright ©; 2024, AlKhuzaie A.A., Jabbar E.A., Albadry B.J.2024AlKhuzaie A.A., Jabbar E.A., Albadry B.J.AlKhuzaie A.A., Jabbar E.A., Albadry B.J.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16641

Introduction. COVID-19 is strongly linked to cardiovascular disease, with direct myocardial injury and systemic inflammation as common mechanisms. Pre-existing or infection-induced cardiovascular disease worsens the outcomes for COVID-19 patients.

Materials and methods. To estimate the serum electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca++, Zn) and vitamin D3, the study depended on ichroma ii device for Vitamin D3 and Chemistry Analyzer for electrolytes in patient samples.

Results. A study was conducted on 192 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, including 35 critical cases, 53 severe cases, 54 moderate cases, and 50 individuals in a control group. The age group with the highest prevalence of infection was between 50‒69 years, while the lowest prevalence was observed in those under 30 years. The study found significant decreases in calcium, potassium, sodium, zinc, and vitamin D3 levels among COVID-19 patients compared to the control group. Zinc and vitamin D3 levels showed a significant correlation with sex, with males experiencing a decline in zinc levels and females having lower vitamin D3 levels. The concentration of calcium, sodium, and zinc showed a negative correlation with age, with older patients having the lowest levels. COVID-19 patients with chronic cardiac issues and high blood pressure exhibited the lowest levels of these markers. The severity of the disease also had a detrimental impact on electrolyte levels, zinc, and vitamin D3, with critical cases showing the lowest levels. The complications such as heart failure were associated with lower levels of potassium, sodium, and zinc.

Conclusion. In conclusion, the study revealed significant associations between COVID-19 and decreased electrolyte levels, zinc, and vitamin D3. Sex and age were found to be correlated with these markers. Patients with chronic cardiac issues and high blood pressure exhibited the lowest levels of these markers. The severity of the disease was also linked to lower electrolyte levels, zinc, and vitamin D3. Complications such as heart failure were associated with decreased levels of potassium, sodium, and zinc.

Введение. COVID-19 тесно связан с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, общими механизмами которых являются прямое повреждение миокарда и системное воспаление. Ранее существовавшие или вызванные инфекцией сердечно-сосудистые заболевания ухудшают исходы для пациентов с COVID-19.

Материалы и методы. В образцах сыворотки крови пациентов проводили количественное определение электролитов (Na+, K+, Ca++, Zn) с помощью биохимического анализатора и витамина D3 с помощью устройства ichroma ii.

Результаты. В исследовании приняли участие 142 пациента с диагнозом COVID-19, включая 35 критических случаев, 53 тяжелых случая, 54 среднетяжелых случая, а также 50 человек в контрольной группе. Возрастная группа с наибольшей распространенностью инфекции составила 50‒69 лет, а наименьшая распространенность наблюдалась среди лиц моложе 30 лет. Исследование выявило значительное снижение уровней кальция, калия, натрия, цинка и витамина D3 среди пациентов с COVID-19 по сравнению с контрольной группой. Уровни цинка и витамина D3 продемонстрировали значительную корреляцию с полом: у мужчин наблюдалось снижение уровня цинка, а у женщин ‒ более низкий уровень витамина D3. Концентрация кальция, натрия и цинка имела отрицательную корреляцию с возрастом, при этом у пожилых пациентов наблюдалась самая низкая концентрация. У пациентов с COVID-19 с хроническими заболеваниями сердца и высоким кровяным давлением наблюдались самые низкие уровни этих маркеров. Тяжесть заболевания также оказывала пагубное влияние на уровень электролитов, цинка и витамина D3, при этом в критических случаях COVID-19 наблюдались самые низкие уровни. Такие осложнения, как сердечная недостаточность, были связаны с более низким уровнем калия, натрия и цинка.

Вывод. Исследование выявило значительную связь между COVID-19 и снижением уровней электролитов, цинка и витамина D3. Было обнаружено, что пол и возраст коррелируют с этими маркерами. У пациентов с хроническими сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями и высоким кровяным давлением наблюдались самые низкие уровни этих маркеров. Тяжесть заболевания COVID-19 также была связана с более низким уровнем электролитов, цинка и витамина D3. Такие осложнения, как сердечная недостаточность, были связаны со снижением уровней калия, натрия и цинка.

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