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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16624</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-231</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">lbevpz</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Spatio-temporal clustering of African swine fever virus (Asfarviridae: <italic>Asfivirus</italic>) circulating in the Kaliningrad region based on three genome markers</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пространственно-временной кластерный анализ циркуляции вируса африканской чумы свиней (Asfarviridae: <italic>Asfivirus</italic>) в Калининградской области на основе трех генетических маркеров</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-7161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyshev</surname><given-names>Roman S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернышев</surname><given-names>Роман Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Reference Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, ветеринарный врач референтной лаборатории по африканской чуме свиней</p></bio><email>chernishev_rs@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5438-8026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Igolkin</surname><given-names>Alexey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иголкин</surname><given-names>Алексей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Reference Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. вет. наук, заведующий референтной лабораторией по африканской чуме свиней</p></bio><email>igolkin_as@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9884-1841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shotin</surname><given-names>Andrey R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шотин</surname><given-names>Андрей Романович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Reference Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. вет. наук, научный сотрудник референтной лаборатории по африканской чуме свиней</p></bio><email>shotin@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3015-5594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinyakov</surname><given-names>Nikolay G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиняков</surname><given-names>Николай Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник референтной лаборатории вирусных болезней птиц</p></bio><email>zinyakov@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4692-1297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbin</surname><given-names>Ivan S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбин</surname><given-names>Иван Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Reference Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, ветеринарный врач референтной лаборатории по африканской чуме свиней</p></bio><email>kolbin@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0801-2394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadchikova</surname><given-names>Anastasia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садчикова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Reference Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, ветеринарный врач референтной лаборатории по африканской чуме свиней</p></bio><email>sadchikova@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0552-3812</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrentiev</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаврентьев</surname><given-names>Иван Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Reference Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, ведущий ветеринарный врач референтной лаборатории по африканской чуме свиней</p></bio><email>lavrentev@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-1969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gruzdev</surname><given-names>Konstantin N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Груздев</surname><given-names>Константин Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sc. (Biology), Professor, Chief Researcher of the Information and Analytical Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник информационно-аналитического центра</p></bio><email>gruzdev@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-8393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazloum</surname><given-names>Ali</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазлум</surname><given-names>Али</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Reference Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник референтной лаборатории по африканской чуме свиней</p></bio><email>mazlum@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Centre for Animal Health (ARRIAH)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center for Animal Health (ARRIAH)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>241</fpage><lpage>254</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-16"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Chernyshev R.S., Igolkin A.S., Shotin A.R., Zinyakov N.G., Kolbin I.S., Sadchikova A.S., Lavrentiev I.A., Gruzdev K.N., Mazloum A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Чернышев Р.С., Иголкин А.С., Шотин А.Р., Зиняков Н.Г., Колбин И.С., Садчикова А.С., Лаврентьев И.А., Груздев К.Н., Мазлум А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernyshev R.S., Igolkin A.S., Shotin A.R., Zinyakov N.G., Kolbin I.S., Sadchikova A.S., Lavrentiev I.A., Gruzdev K.N., Mazloum A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чернышев Р.С., Иголкин А.С., Шотин А.Р., Зиняков Н.Г., Колбин И.С., Садчикова А.С., Лаврентьев И.А., Груздев К.Н., Мазлум А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16624">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/16624</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The rapid spread of African swine fever in the Kaliningrad region makes it necessary to use the methods of molecular epidemiology to determine the dynamics and direction of ASF spread in this region of Russia.</p> <p><bold>The aim</bold> of the study was to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms within molecular markers <italic>K145R</italic>, <italic>O174L</italic> and <italic>MGF 505-5R</italic> of ASFVs isolated in Kaliningrad region and to study the circulating of the pathogen in European countries by subgenotyping and spatio-temporal clustering analysis.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Blood samples from living domestic pigs and organs from dead domestic pigs and wild boars, collected in the Kaliningrad region between 2017 and 2022 were used. Virus isolation was carried out in porcine bone-marrow primary cell culture. Amplicons of genome markers were amplified by PCR with electrophoretic detection and subsequent extraction of fragments from agarose gel. Sequencing was performed using the Sanger method.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The circulation of two genetic clusters of ASFV isolates on the territory of the Kaliningrad has been established: epidemic (K145R-III, MGF 505-5R-II, O174L-I – 94.3% of the studied isolates) and sporadic (K145R-II, MGF 505-5R-II, O174L-I – 5.7%).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The broaden molecular genetic surveillance of ASFV isolates based on sequencing of genome markers is necessary in the countries of the Eurasian continent to perform a more detailed analysis of ASF spread between countries and within regions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Стремительное распространение африканской чумы свиней (АЧС) в Калининградской области обусловливает необходимость использования методов молекулярной эпизоотологии для определения динамики и вектора распространения инфекции в данном субъекте России.</p> <p><bold>Цель работы</bold> <bold>–</bold> установить характер однонуклеотидного полиморфизма генов <italic>K145R, O174L, MGF 505-5R</italic> у изолятов вируса АЧС, выделенных в Калининградской области, и изучить циркуляцию возбудителя в странах Восточной Европы методом субгенотипирования и пространственно-временного кластерного анализа.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В качестве образцов биологического материала использовали пробы крови от живых и органов от павших домашних свиней и диких кабанов, отобранные в Калининградской области в 2017–2022 гг. Выделение вируса АЧС и идентификацию изолятов проводили в первичной культуре клеток костного мозга свиньи. Подготовку ампликонов целевых маркерных областей генома выполняли методом ПЦР с электрофоретической детекций и последующей экстракцией фрагментов из агарозного геля. Секвенирование осуществляли по методу Сэнгера.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Установлена циркуляция на территории субъекта-эксклава Российской Федерации вируса АЧС, принадлежащего двум генетическим кластерам: эпизоотическому (K145R-III, MGF 505-5R-II, O174L-I – 94,3% от изученных изолятов) и спорадическому (K145R-II, MGF 505-5R-II, O174L-I – 5,7%).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Необходимо совершенствование молекулярно-эпизоотологического мониторинга генетических вариантов вируса АЧС в странах евро-азиатского континента на основе маркерных фрагментов генома внутри генотипа II, что позволит проводить наиболее детальный анализ распространения АЧС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>African swine fever</kwd><kwd>genome markers of spread</kwd><kwd>spatio-temporal analysis</kwd><kwd>genetic variants, Kaliningrad region</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>африканская чума свиней</kwd><kwd>генетические маркеры распространения</kwd><kwd>пространственно-временной анализ</kwd><kwd>генетические варианты</kwd><kwd>Калининградская область</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Centre for Animal Health (ARRIAH)</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных»</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gallardo C., Casado N., Soler A., Djadjovski I., Krivko L., Madueño E., et al. 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