Problems of VirologyProblems of VirologyВопросы вирусологии0507-40882411-2097Central Research Institute for Epidemiology1568110.36233/0507-4088-193euauhiREVIEWSОБЗОРЫResearch ArticleVaccines to prevent Ebola virus disease: current challenges and perspectivesВакцины против болезни, вызванной вирусом Эбола: актуальные проблемы и перспективыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-7026KovyrshinaAnna V.КовыршинаАнна Витальевна
Russian Federation

junior researcher

младший научный сотрудник

kovyrshina@gamaleya.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1817-0126SizikovaTatiana E.СизиковаТатьяна Евгеньевна
Russian Federation

PhD, senior researcher

кандидат биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник

sizikovate@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-4599LebedevVitaliy N.ЛебедевВиталий Николаевич
Russian Federation

DSc, professor, leading researcher

доктор биол.наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник

48cnii@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-3919BorisevichSergey V.БорисевичСергей Владимирович
Russian Federation

DSc, professor, academician of RAS, head of the institute

доктор биол. наук, профессор, академик РАН, начальник института

48cnii@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-6142DolzhikovaInna V.ДолжиковаИнна Вадимовна
Russian Federation

PhD, leading researcher, head of State virus collection laboratory

кандидат биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, зав. лаб. Государственной коллекции вирусов

dolzhikova@gamaleya.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4035-6581LogunovDenis Yu.ЛогуновДенис Юрьевич
Russian Federation

DSc, academician of RAS, chief researcher, deputy director for research, head of laboratory of cell microbiology

доктор биол. наук, академик РАН, главный научный сотрудник, заведующий лаб. клеточной микробиологии, заместитель директора по научной работе

logunov@gamaleya.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-5059GintsburgAlexander L.ГинцбургАлександр Леонидович
Russian Federation

DSc, professor, academician of RAS, director

доктор биол. наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор

gintsburg@gamaleya.orgNational Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России48 Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian FederationФГБУ «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Минобороны России0711202368537238425092023Copyright ©; 2023, Kovyrshina A.V., Sizikova T.E., Lebedev V.N., Borisevich S.V., Dolzhikova I.V., Logunov D.Y., Gintsburg A.L.Copyright ©; 2023, Ковыршина А.В., Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В., Должикова И.В., Логунов Д.Ю., Гинцбург А.Л.2023Kovyrshina A.V., Sizikova T.E., Lebedev V.N., Borisevich S.V., Dolzhikova I.V., Logunov D.Y., Gintsburg A.L.Ковыршина А.В., Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В., Должикова И.В., Логунов Д.Ю., Гинцбург А.Л.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/15681

Relevance. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is an acute infectious disease with an extremely high case fatality rate reaching up to 90%. EVD has become widely known since 2014–2016, when outbreak in West Africa occurred and led to epidemic, which caused travel-related cases on the territory of other continents.

There are two vaccines against EVD, prequalified by WHO for emergency use, as well as a number of vaccines, approved by local regulators in certain countries. However, even with the availability of effective vaccines, the lack of data on immune correlates of protection and duration of protective immune response in humans and primates is limiting factor for effectively preventing the spread of EVD outbreaks.

Aims. This review highlights experience of use of EVD vaccines during outbreaks in endemic areas, summarizes data on vaccine immunogenicity in clinical trials, and discusses perspectives for further development and use of effective EVD vaccines.

Актуальность. Болезнь, вызванная вирусом Эбола (БВВЭ), является острым инфекционным заболеванием с крайне высокой летальностью, составляющей до 90%. В мире БВВЭ стала широко известна в 2014–2016 гг. во время вспышки в Западной Африке, которая переросла в эпидемию и привела к распространению заболевания на территории других континентов.

В мире имеются две вакцины против БВВЭ, одобренные ВОЗ для экстренного применения, а также ряд вакцин, одобренных местными регуляторами для применения на территории отдельных стран. Однако, даже при наличии эффективных вакцин, недостаток данных по иммунным коррелятам защиты, длительности защитного иммунного ответа у человека и приматов является ограничивающим фактором для эффективного предотвращения распространения вспышек БВВЭ.

Цели. В настоящем обзоре освещается опыт применения вакцин против БВВЭ во время вспышек заболевания в эндемичных зонах, обобщены данные по иммуногенности вакцин в клинических исследованиях, а также представлено обсуждение направлений исследований для дальнейшей разработки и использования эффективных вакцин против БВВЭ.

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