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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Problems of Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Problems of Virology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы вирусологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0507-4088</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-2097</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute for Epidemiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">14569</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36233/0507-4088-181</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">mszoip</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCHES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epstein–Barr virus (Herpesviridae: <italic>Lymphocryptovirus</italic>) types 1 and 2 and other viral markers in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in two geographically and ethnically distinct regions of Russia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вирус Эпштейна–Барр 1-го и 2-го типа (Herpesviridae: <italic>Lymphocryptovirus</italic>) и другие маркеры вируса у больных раком носоглотки в двух этнически и географически отличающихся регионах России</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-977X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>Ksenia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Ксения Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией вирусного канцерогенеза, Институт канцерогенеза</p></bio><email>skv.lab@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-7449</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lubenskaya</surname><given-names>Aleksandra K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лубенская</surname><given-names>Александра Кирилловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник, лаборатория вирусного канцерогенеза, Институт канцерогенеза</p></bio><email>lubenskaya96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8915-8274</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Senyuta</surname><given-names>Natalya B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенюта</surname><given-names>Наталья Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Scientific Consultant of the Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, научный консультант лаборатории вирусного канцерогенеза, Институт канцерогенеза</p></bio><email>nat.senyuta@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8279-514X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dushenkina</surname><given-names>Tatyana E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Душенькина</surname><given-names>Татьяна Егоровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research laboratory assistant, Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь лаборатории вирусного канцерогенеза, Институт канцерогенеза</p></bio><email>tatyana.dushenkina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-4364</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurtsevitch</surname><given-names>Vladimir E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурцевич</surname><given-names>Владимир Эдуардович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Chief Scientific Adviser of the Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный консультант лаборатории вирусного канцерогенеза, Институт канцерогенеза</p></bio><email>gurtsevitch-vlad-88@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО "Росси́йский университет дружбы наро́дов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>291</fpage><lpage>301</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-25"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Smirnova K.V., Lubenskaya A.K., Senyuta N.B., Dushenkina T.E., Gurtsevitch V.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Смирнова К.В., Лубенская А.К., Сенюта Н.Б., Душенькина Т.Е., Гурцевич В.Э.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smirnova K.V., Lubenskaya A.K., Senyuta N.B., Dushenkina T.E., Gurtsevitch V.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смирнова К.В., Лубенская А.К., Сенюта Н.Б., Душенькина Т.Е., Гурцевич В.Э.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/14569">https://virusjour.crie.ru/jour/article/view/14569</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The discovery of two types of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) (EBV-1 and EBV-2) that have different biological properties stimulated the search for neoplasms associated with each type of the virus.</p> <p><bold>The aim</bold> of the work is to study the nature of the association of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) with EBV-1 and EBV-2, serological activity for each viral type and the concentration of EBV DNA in the blood plasma of two gender, age and ethnic groups of NPC patients that represent geographically and climatically different regions of Russia,.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. In the blood plasma of patients with NPC and other non- EBV associated tumors of oral cavity (OTOC<sup>EBV−</sup>) from the North Caucasian (NCFD) and Central (CFD) Federal Districts of Russia, the types of EBV and the concentration of viral DNA were determined using respectively «nested» and real time PCR; titers of IgG and IgA antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA) were measured in indirect immunofluorescence assay.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>The blood plasma samples testing showed that NPC and OTOC<sup>EBV−</sup> patients were infected with both types of EBV in approximately equal proportions. In two groups of NPC patients infected with one of the virus types only, EBV-1 or EBV-2, respectively, no statistically significant differences were found between the geometric mean values of IgG and IgA anti-EBV antibody titers and viral DNA concentrations in blood plasma. The distribution of virus types was not affected by either patient gender or ethnogeographic origin. The difference was found only between age groups: EBV-2 dominated in NPC patients up to 60 years, and EBV-1 was prevalent in patients over 60 years<bold>.</bold></p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The lack of the predominance of one of EBV types in NPC patients that are the representatives of different ethnic groups from geographically and climatically different regions, suggests that none of these factors play an important role in the NPC carcinogenesis. Evidently, each type of EBV, EBV-1 or EBV-2, if the necessary conditions arise, are able to exhibit its oncogenic potential to initiate tumor development.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Открытие двух молекулярных типов вируса Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ): ВЭБ-1 и ВЭБ-2, обладающих разными биологическими свойствами<italic>,</italic> стимулировало поиски новообразований, ассоциированных с каждым типом вируса.</p> <p><bold>Цель работы </bold>– изучить у больных раком носоглотки (РНГ), представителей двух популяций из географически и климатически отличающихся регионов России, характер ассоциации с ВЭБ-1 и ВЭБ-2, серологическую активность к каждому типу вируса, а также концентрацию ДНК ВЭБ в плазме крови двух гендерных, возрастных и этнических групп больных.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В плазме крови больных РНГ и другими, не ассоциированными с ВЭБ опухолями полости рта (ДОПР<sup>ВЭБ−</sup>) больных из Северо-Кавказского и Центрального федеральных округов России определяли типы ВЭБ и концентрацию вирусной ДНК с помощью «гнездной» ПЦР и ПЦР в режиме реального времени соответственно. Титры IgG- и IgA-антител к вирусному капсидному антигену определяли методом непрямой иммунофлуоресценции.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Тестирование собранных образцов плазмы крови показало, что больные РНГ и ДОПР<sup>ВЭБ−</sup> инфицированы обоими типами ВЭБ примерно в одинаковых соотношениях. У двух групп больных РНГ, инфицированных только одним из типов вируса, соответственно ВЭБ-1 или ВЭБ-2, не обнаружено статистически значимых различий между среднегеометрическими значениями титров IgG- и IgA-антител к ВЭБ и концентрациями вирусной ДНК в плазме крови. На распространенность типов ВЭБ не влияли ни пол, ни этногеографическая принадлежность больных РНГ. Различие выявлено только в возрастных группах: у больных РНГ до 60 лет преобладал ВЭБ-2, а старше 60 лет – ВЭБ-1.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Отсутствие преобладания одного из типов ВЭБ у больных РНГ, представителей разных этносов из географически и климатически отличающихся регионов, позволяет предположить, что ни один из этих факторов не играет важной роли в канцерогенезе РНГ, но каждый тип ВЭБ (ВЭБ-1 или ВЭБ-2) при возникновении необходимых условий способен проявить свой онкогенный потенциал и инициировать развитие опухоли.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)</kwd><kwd>EBV types (EBV-1 and EBV-2)</kwd><kwd>nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)</kwd><kwd>other tumors of the oral cavity not associated with EBV (OTOCEBV−)</kwd><kwd>«nested» PCR</kwd><kwd>real-time PCR</kwd><kwd>EBV DNA concentration in plasma</kwd><kwd>immunofluorescence reaction</kwd><kwd>IgG and IgA antibodies to the virus (EBV) capsid antigen (VCA)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ)</kwd><kwd>типы ВЭБ (ВЭБ-1 и ВЭБ-2)</kwd><kwd>рак носоглотки (РНГ)</kwd><kwd>другие опухоли полости рта, не ассоциированные с ВЭБ (ДОПРВЭБ−)</kwd><kwd>«гнездная» ПЦР</kwd><kwd>ПЦР в режиме реального времени</kwd><kwd>медиана копий ДНК ВЭБ в плазме/мл</kwd><kwd>IgG- и IgA-антитела к вирусному (ВЭБ) капсидному антигену (ВКА)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Scientific Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-25-00435</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Higgins C.D., Swerdlow A.J., Macsween K.F., Harrison N., Williams H., McAulay K., et al. 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